Socrates` Question
... fortune and would be to the greatest possible extent luck-free. 3 This has been, in different forms, an aim of later thought as well. The idea that one must think, at this very general level, about a whole life may seem less compelling to some of us than it did to Socrates. But his question still do ...
... fortune and would be to the greatest possible extent luck-free. 3 This has been, in different forms, an aim of later thought as well. The idea that one must think, at this very general level, about a whole life may seem less compelling to some of us than it did to Socrates. But his question still do ...
Jani Hakkarainen. Hume`s Scepticism and Realism: His Two
... belief that its food is in the bag; the ostrich that hides its head when it does not want to be seen is not a Relativist about perception. If a “two Hume” view is to present us with an account that makes him a consistent thinker, the “everyday” Hume (anti-skeptical on both Hakkarainen’s interpretati ...
... belief that its food is in the bag; the ostrich that hides its head when it does not want to be seen is not a Relativist about perception. If a “two Hume” view is to present us with an account that makes him a consistent thinker, the “everyday” Hume (anti-skeptical on both Hakkarainen’s interpretati ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
... hamburgers, reading Shakespeare, or playing water polo. Rather, it seems, there are certain experiences we want to continue, and we might be prepared to call these—for philosophical purposes—pleasures (even though some of them, such as diving in a very deep and narrow cave, for example, would not no ...
... hamburgers, reading Shakespeare, or playing water polo. Rather, it seems, there are certain experiences we want to continue, and we might be prepared to call these—for philosophical purposes—pleasures (even though some of them, such as diving in a very deep and narrow cave, for example, would not no ...
Introducing Levinas to Undergraduate Philosophers
... with an assumption: ethics occurs always in relation to other persons. When asked how to define ethics, I am assuming that our answer will include an important reference to other people. This is not necessarily to say that there can be no ethics without at least two people—though this is the case fo ...
... with an assumption: ethics occurs always in relation to other persons. When asked how to define ethics, I am assuming that our answer will include an important reference to other people. This is not necessarily to say that there can be no ethics without at least two people—though this is the case fo ...
Moral Theory and Experience
... On the other hand, the complaint might be that while it gives us the hope of an extratheoretical check for our theories it does not provide us with "freedom" from our historical circumstances. The extent to which our "primary experience" is conditioned by our culture or place in history is a source ...
... On the other hand, the complaint might be that while it gives us the hope of an extratheoretical check for our theories it does not provide us with "freedom" from our historical circumstances. The extent to which our "primary experience" is conditioned by our culture or place in history is a source ...
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics
... [S]poken sounds are symbols of affections in the soul, and written marks symbols of spoken sounds. And just as written marks are not the same for all men, neither are spoken sounds. But what these are in the first place signs of – affections of the soul – are the same for all; and what these affecti ...
... [S]poken sounds are symbols of affections in the soul, and written marks symbols of spoken sounds. And just as written marks are not the same for all men, neither are spoken sounds. But what these are in the first place signs of – affections of the soul – are the same for all; and what these affecti ...
Russell, Bertrand - The Problems of Philosophy
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by some mind -- not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the u ...
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by some mind -- not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the u ...
Overview - Course Materials
... Kant then turns to developing and working out this concept of the will, which estimates the “total worth of our actions.” Kant then turns to different types of actions and whether they match or do not match moral laws (duties) set by reason. The distinction to keep in mind here is between duties (wh ...
... Kant then turns to developing and working out this concept of the will, which estimates the “total worth of our actions.” Kant then turns to different types of actions and whether they match or do not match moral laws (duties) set by reason. The distinction to keep in mind here is between duties (wh ...
3. Kant`s Moral Constructivism
... appropriate for the conditions of human life. Empirical practical reason is the principle of rational deliberation that determines when particular hypothetical imperatives are rational. The CI -procedure restricts empirical practical reason by requiring the agent's rational and sincere deliberation ...
... appropriate for the conditions of human life. Empirical practical reason is the principle of rational deliberation that determines when particular hypothetical imperatives are rational. The CI -procedure restricts empirical practical reason by requiring the agent's rational and sincere deliberation ...
Hope and Moral Motivation in Leibniz
... and they form disquiet consisting of semi-pleasures or semi-sufferings which is a general disposition, restlessness without a clear object. These components of pleasure and pain are related to perfection and imperfection much the same way as in Spinoza’s philosophy (I will return to this theme later ...
... and they form disquiet consisting of semi-pleasures or semi-sufferings which is a general disposition, restlessness without a clear object. These components of pleasure and pain are related to perfection and imperfection much the same way as in Spinoza’s philosophy (I will return to this theme later ...
... of thinking, even though we sometimes hear references to the ‘literary’ and the ‘scientific’ types. Could it be that certain sciences, similar to music in that respect, can only be mastered at an early age, or that their study requires too much time? No, it is something else; and from listening to De ...
Spirituality and Biblical Hermeneutics The Challenge of Ricoeur`s
... there is more than a personal choice for cautiousness in this matter. For at the same place, and that is my second point, Ricoeur adds a more systematic point, namely that philosophy forms an autonomous discourse, which acts independent from the discourse of Biblical hermeneutics and theology.6 Bibl ...
... there is more than a personal choice for cautiousness in this matter. For at the same place, and that is my second point, Ricoeur adds a more systematic point, namely that philosophy forms an autonomous discourse, which acts independent from the discourse of Biblical hermeneutics and theology.6 Bibl ...
Two Interpretations of Two Stoic Conditionals
... Fraassen 1989) even believe that there is no such thing as a law of nature! So claiming that Diodorean conditionals should be identified with laws of nature in some modern sense is nebulous indeed. On the other hand, there may be no identification with a Stoic conception of law to be had. For it is ...
... Fraassen 1989) even believe that there is no such thing as a law of nature! So claiming that Diodorean conditionals should be identified with laws of nature in some modern sense is nebulous indeed. On the other hand, there may be no identification with a Stoic conception of law to be had. For it is ...
Ought and Reality - Scandinavian Studies in Law
... The received view is that Hägerström’s inaugural lecture is based upon these distinctions and that his lecture falls squarely within meta-ethics as distinct from substantive ethics. The reason adduced for this opinion is Hägerström’s conclusion that “moral knowledge cannot be a teaching in morality, ...
... The received view is that Hägerström’s inaugural lecture is based upon these distinctions and that his lecture falls squarely within meta-ethics as distinct from substantive ethics. The reason adduced for this opinion is Hägerström’s conclusion that “moral knowledge cannot be a teaching in morality, ...
outside us. After all, I didn`t choose my desire for esp
... morality. What is the supreme principle of morality? Kant's aim in the to answer this question. We can approach Kant's answer by seeing holv he connects three big ideas: morality, freedom, and reason. He explains these ideas Groundwor,h is ...
... morality. What is the supreme principle of morality? Kant's aim in the to answer this question. We can approach Kant's answer by seeing holv he connects three big ideas: morality, freedom, and reason. He explains these ideas Groundwor,h is ...
The origins of moral judgment - Victoria University of Wellington
... In the same way, in order to know whether a trait is an adaptation as opposed to a byproduct one must understand something of the intentions of the architect—in this case, the forces of natural selection that existed during the period of the trait’s emergence. Lacking, as we usually do, concrete evi ...
... In the same way, in order to know whether a trait is an adaptation as opposed to a byproduct one must understand something of the intentions of the architect—in this case, the forces of natural selection that existed during the period of the trait’s emergence. Lacking, as we usually do, concrete evi ...
EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTUAL BELIEF
... But Haack, like Ayer and Currie, tacitly accepts justificationism. She quotes Popper’s statement that “a basic statement cannot be justified by [experiences] – no more than by thumping the table”. She turns this immediately into “the startling negative thesis that experience cannot justify the accep ...
... But Haack, like Ayer and Currie, tacitly accepts justificationism. She quotes Popper’s statement that “a basic statement cannot be justified by [experiences] – no more than by thumping the table”. She turns this immediately into “the startling negative thesis that experience cannot justify the accep ...
Dao, Harmony and Personhood: Towards a Confucian Ethics of
... broaden the Way—it is not the Way that broadens human beings” (Slingerland 2003, 185). It is so because only through human beings the meaning and value embodied in Heaven can be realised. In other words, the Heavenly Dao does not dictate human and social affairs; and, human beings, as followers of D ...
... broaden the Way—it is not the Way that broadens human beings” (Slingerland 2003, 185). It is so because only through human beings the meaning and value embodied in Heaven can be realised. In other words, the Heavenly Dao does not dictate human and social affairs; and, human beings, as followers of D ...
Fourth Person. From the Impersonal to the Unavailable
... of this when, in his last article L’immanence: une vie..., he quotes Fichte, no less. 4 In other words, the idea of immanence takes us back to the core of modern metaphysics, instead of taking us out of it. From Kant onward, modern metaphysics has been defined as a metaphysics of immanence. As Ficht ...
... of this when, in his last article L’immanence: une vie..., he quotes Fichte, no less. 4 In other words, the idea of immanence takes us back to the core of modern metaphysics, instead of taking us out of it. From Kant onward, modern metaphysics has been defined as a metaphysics of immanence. As Ficht ...
New wilderness landscapes as moral criticism A Nietzschean
... morality is usually grounded in something other than nature: nature is seen as the object of morality – the raw material that morality acts upon – but morality itself is conceived of as of belonging to a different order: it is the ability to freely relate to one’s natural inclinations and take respo ...
... morality is usually grounded in something other than nature: nature is seen as the object of morality – the raw material that morality acts upon – but morality itself is conceived of as of belonging to a different order: it is the ability to freely relate to one’s natural inclinations and take respo ...
Aristotle`s Theory of the Assertoric Syllogism
... ages, we find a coherent and precise theory which shows all these claims to be based on a misunderstanding and misreading. ...
... ages, we find a coherent and precise theory which shows all these claims to be based on a misunderstanding and misreading. ...
in defense of the primacy of the virtues
... Similarly, in the case of the virtues, while we might use certain kinds of actions to pick out those who possess the virtues, we can readily hold that these sorts of actions are seen as honest or benevolent simply insofar as they are actions that would be characteristic of virtuous agents. Put anoth ...
... Similarly, in the case of the virtues, while we might use certain kinds of actions to pick out those who possess the virtues, we can readily hold that these sorts of actions are seen as honest or benevolent simply insofar as they are actions that would be characteristic of virtuous agents. Put anoth ...
What`s So Queer About Morality? One of the currently available
... in the world is both objective and prescriptive. Thus, were moral facts and properties to exist, they would be unlike anything else in the world. Therefore, one has at least prima facie justification for omitting them from one’s ontology. One issue that presents itself here is how one is to understa ...
... in the world is both objective and prescriptive. Thus, were moral facts and properties to exist, they would be unlike anything else in the world. Therefore, one has at least prima facie justification for omitting them from one’s ontology. One issue that presents itself here is how one is to understa ...
5. Conformism and analytic philosophy[11]
... in and be accepted as members of the analytic “school”. If the proposal thus rephrased turns out to be true, then it would follow that the dominance of analytic philosophy (at least as regards this core tenet; but, as we shall see, there are reasons for thinking this was the case with all its core t ...
... in and be accepted as members of the analytic “school”. If the proposal thus rephrased turns out to be true, then it would follow that the dominance of analytic philosophy (at least as regards this core tenet; but, as we shall see, there are reasons for thinking this was the case with all its core t ...
- Free Documents
... the goal of minimizing loss and it is clear that the relationship between logic and decisionmaking is rather subtle. as well as those in other disciplines such as computing. concerned with asking when statements are consistent and when they are inconsistent. Important goals of logic include characte ...
... the goal of minimizing loss and it is clear that the relationship between logic and decisionmaking is rather subtle. as well as those in other disciplines such as computing. concerned with asking when statements are consistent and when they are inconsistent. Important goals of logic include characte ...
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.