Generalized Transduction by Phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Mechanisms of Integration of Transducing DNA.
... greater than 2 to 4 x IO8daltons but substantially less than 27 x lo6 daltons, the molecularweightof the transducingDNA injectedinto the bacteria.The integrated largedouble strandfragmentsof transducingDNA can be detected in DNA isolated soon after transduction, but not in DNA isolated late after tr ...
... greater than 2 to 4 x IO8daltons but substantially less than 27 x lo6 daltons, the molecularweightof the transducingDNA injectedinto the bacteria.The integrated largedouble strandfragmentsof transducingDNA can be detected in DNA isolated soon after transduction, but not in DNA isolated late after tr ...
The RNAs of RNA-directed DNA methylation
... The requirement of Pol IV for the accumulation of 24 nt siRNAs in vivo was one of the first phenotypes identified in the initial characterization of this enzyme [35,73]. However, the Pol IV-dependent precursors that give rise to siRNAs have only been described recently, based on their accumulation whe ...
... The requirement of Pol IV for the accumulation of 24 nt siRNAs in vivo was one of the first phenotypes identified in the initial characterization of this enzyme [35,73]. However, the Pol IV-dependent precursors that give rise to siRNAs have only been described recently, based on their accumulation whe ...
Hormesis - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Therefore exposure may turn on protective systems that then leave the organism more capable of tolerating subsequent insult The enzymes thus induced may be able to respond to challenges different from the one that brought forth the induction in the first place Other mechanisms (e.g., immunological) ...
... Therefore exposure may turn on protective systems that then leave the organism more capable of tolerating subsequent insult The enzymes thus induced may be able to respond to challenges different from the one that brought forth the induction in the first place Other mechanisms (e.g., immunological) ...
Non-destructive DNA extraction methods that yield DNA barcodes in
... DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, have been found to be the best for extracting DNA from archived specimens (Hajibabaei et al., 2005). Thus, the Qiagen DNeasy kit is appropriate for this project. Non-destructive DNA Extraction Techniques There is one problem with the methods used in DNA barcoding; DNA ba ...
... DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, have been found to be the best for extracting DNA from archived specimens (Hajibabaei et al., 2005). Thus, the Qiagen DNeasy kit is appropriate for this project. Non-destructive DNA Extraction Techniques There is one problem with the methods used in DNA barcoding; DNA ba ...
Repetitive DNA in the automictic fungus Microbotryum violaceum
... to a categorization of a much larger number of sequences because it provided a method for characterizing sequences that could not be aligned with the conserved regions of reverse transcriptase. The validity of this approach was supported by the fact that in all cases where the same sequence were inv ...
... to a categorization of a much larger number of sequences because it provided a method for characterizing sequences that could not be aligned with the conserved regions of reverse transcriptase. The validity of this approach was supported by the fact that in all cases where the same sequence were inv ...
CC 1 070-71..8171c ose chapter .. Page70
... classes of molecules with high triplex affinity can be identified. A pyrene–neomycin conjugate has therefore been synthesized by forming an amide linkage between neomycin B and 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Fig. 1). We report that pyrene–neomycin is more potent in stabilizing DNA ...
... classes of molecules with high triplex affinity can be identified. A pyrene–neomycin conjugate has therefore been synthesized by forming an amide linkage between neomycin B and 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Fig. 1). We report that pyrene–neomycin is more potent in stabilizing DNA ...
Nucleic Acids for Ultra-Sensitive Protein Detection
... the covalent linking strategy as yet has not been as widely reported as other IPCR strategies. More recently, encapsulation of reporter DNA in the liposomes that are functionalized with recognition elements such as antibodies or receptor proteins was shown to offer two distinct advantages; Since mul ...
... the covalent linking strategy as yet has not been as widely reported as other IPCR strategies. More recently, encapsulation of reporter DNA in the liposomes that are functionalized with recognition elements such as antibodies or receptor proteins was shown to offer two distinct advantages; Since mul ...
Mutual Interactions of the Phosphate Groups in Locally Deformed
... solutions. The theory is now available (Soumpasis 1984). In spite of an approximative nature, it has gained credibility in recent years by being capable not only to reproduce the B-to-Z isomerization in DNA (Soumpasis et al. 1987b; ...
... solutions. The theory is now available (Soumpasis 1984). In spite of an approximative nature, it has gained credibility in recent years by being capable not only to reproduce the B-to-Z isomerization in DNA (Soumpasis et al. 1987b; ...
An Introduction to Peptide Nucleic Acid
... achieved when using PNA probes (73). These observations are, however, only partly supported by direct measurements of PNA/DNA (or RNA) hybridization rates using the BIAcore technique, which suggest comparable rates for PNA and DNA (9). The three dimensional structure of four PNA complexes have been ...
... achieved when using PNA probes (73). These observations are, however, only partly supported by direct measurements of PNA/DNA (or RNA) hybridization rates using the BIAcore technique, which suggest comparable rates for PNA and DNA (9). The three dimensional structure of four PNA complexes have been ...
Replication of Nuclear DNA
... was first applied to plants by Van’t Hof (1975) and has been widely used in studies of plant DNA replication. In more recent versions of the technique, radioactive label has been replaced by fluorescent label (e.g. Quélo and Verbelen 2004) and new methods for preparing the DNA for microscopy, such ...
... was first applied to plants by Van’t Hof (1975) and has been widely used in studies of plant DNA replication. In more recent versions of the technique, radioactive label has been replaced by fluorescent label (e.g. Quélo and Verbelen 2004) and new methods for preparing the DNA for microscopy, such ...
Non-homologous end-joining factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Z. Dudášová et al. / FEMS Microbiology Reviews 28 (2004) 581–601 ...
... Z. Dudášová et al. / FEMS Microbiology Reviews 28 (2004) 581–601 ...
3D DNA Crystals and Nanotechnology
... the DX and TX motifs [33,34] based on multiple reciprocal exchanges of strands between antiparallel DNA duplexes, were found to enhance DNA rigidity [35,36], and led to the construction of DNA tiled arrays [37] and a host of 2D periodic and discrete assemblies, DNA nanotubes [38], the use of DNA til ...
... the DX and TX motifs [33,34] based on multiple reciprocal exchanges of strands between antiparallel DNA duplexes, were found to enhance DNA rigidity [35,36], and led to the construction of DNA tiled arrays [37] and a host of 2D periodic and discrete assemblies, DNA nanotubes [38], the use of DNA til ...
Template for Communications for the Journal of the American
... exclusively of adenine-thymine base pairs (A-T duplexes, both homopolymeric and alternating), femtosecond spectroscopy reveals a different picture: organization of the bases within duplexes causes an overall lengthening of the excited state lifetimes.4-9 This is due to the emergence of new excited s ...
... exclusively of adenine-thymine base pairs (A-T duplexes, both homopolymeric and alternating), femtosecond spectroscopy reveals a different picture: organization of the bases within duplexes causes an overall lengthening of the excited state lifetimes.4-9 This is due to the emergence of new excited s ...
Molecular Design of Unnatural Base
... In 1995, Eric Kool and his colleagues designed and synthesized a hydrophobic, unnatural Z–F pair, in which the shapes of Z and F mimic those of A and T, respectively (Figure 4).11-13 For the Z base, the 1- and 3-nitrogens in A were replaced with carbons, and the 6-amino group was replaced with a met ...
... In 1995, Eric Kool and his colleagues designed and synthesized a hydrophobic, unnatural Z–F pair, in which the shapes of Z and F mimic those of A and T, respectively (Figure 4).11-13 For the Z base, the 1- and 3-nitrogens in A were replaced with carbons, and the 6-amino group was replaced with a met ...
Structure, stability and function of 5-chlorouracil
... bacteria was <2% and the switch from T to ClU was accompanied by a massive number of mutations, including >1500 A to G or G to A transitions in a culture. The former is most likely due to wobble base pairing between ClU and G, which may be more common for ClU than T. To identify potential changes in ...
... bacteria was <2% and the switch from T to ClU was accompanied by a massive number of mutations, including >1500 A to G or G to A transitions in a culture. The former is most likely due to wobble base pairing between ClU and G, which may be more common for ClU than T. To identify potential changes in ...
DNA Fingerprinting by Restriction Enzyme Patterns
... base pairs. A restriction enzyme having a 6-base pair recognition site, such as Eco RI, would be expected to cut human DNA into approximately 750,000 different fragments. ...
... base pairs. A restriction enzyme having a 6-base pair recognition site, such as Eco RI, would be expected to cut human DNA into approximately 750,000 different fragments. ...
GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA MODIFICATION File
... of RNA transcription. Most of the promoter region is located just ahead of or upstream from the site where transcription of a gene actually begins. By convention, the bases in a promoter sequence are numbered in relation to the transcriptional start site (Figure 12.4). This site is the first base us ...
... of RNA transcription. Most of the promoter region is located just ahead of or upstream from the site where transcription of a gene actually begins. By convention, the bases in a promoter sequence are numbered in relation to the transcriptional start site (Figure 12.4). This site is the first base us ...
Synthesis and Evaluation of Guanidino Phthalocyanines for G
... nucleotide bases, which form hydrogen-bonded pairs, are nearly perpendicular to the helix axis. The bases occupy the core of the helix while the sugar-phosphate backbones wind around the outside, forming the major and minor grooves. Only the edges of the base pairs are exposed to solvent. Each base ...
... nucleotide bases, which form hydrogen-bonded pairs, are nearly perpendicular to the helix axis. The bases occupy the core of the helix while the sugar-phosphate backbones wind around the outside, forming the major and minor grooves. Only the edges of the base pairs are exposed to solvent. Each base ...
Lecture Presentation for Chapter 7
... Transcription of the GC-rich inverted repeat results in a segment of RNA that can form a stable stem-loop structure. ...
... Transcription of the GC-rich inverted repeat results in a segment of RNA that can form a stable stem-loop structure. ...
Infertility and aneuploidy in mice lacking a type IA
... animals, over time and through successive generations, particularly in the male germ cells. Therefore, we examined the meiotic metaphases in infertile top3⫺/⫺ males and in TOP3⫹/⫹ control animals by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A mixture of differently tagged probes that specifically hybrid ...
... animals, over time and through successive generations, particularly in the male germ cells. Therefore, we examined the meiotic metaphases in infertile top3⫺/⫺ males and in TOP3⫹/⫹ control animals by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A mixture of differently tagged probes that specifically hybrid ...
An attempt to unify the structure of polymerases
... with the three most conserved motifs of DNAmerases/sequences/structure dependent DNA pol as, suggesting that the two polymerase types may share a common tertiary fold, or at least contain similar local tertiary architecture required for similar functions. These motifs Introduction are likely to repr ...
... with the three most conserved motifs of DNAmerases/sequences/structure dependent DNA pol as, suggesting that the two polymerase types may share a common tertiary fold, or at least contain similar local tertiary architecture required for similar functions. These motifs Introduction are likely to repr ...
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies
... to the fetus. To stratify pregnant women according to their risk of carrying a fetus affected by chromosomal aneuploidy, several screening methods have been developed, including ultrasonography and maternal serum biochemistry (1 ). These methods, however, are targeted at epiphenomena associated with ...
... to the fetus. To stratify pregnant women according to their risk of carrying a fetus affected by chromosomal aneuploidy, several screening methods have been developed, including ultrasonography and maternal serum biochemistry (1 ). These methods, however, are targeted at epiphenomena associated with ...
Resolving the Discrepancies Among Nucleic Acid Conformational
... yield nearly identical conformational descriptions if the calculations are performed with respect to a common reference, such as the base-pair axes generated with the RNA package (Figure 3, right-hand side). The major differences among nucleic acid structure analysis programs clearly stem from the c ...
... yield nearly identical conformational descriptions if the calculations are performed with respect to a common reference, such as the base-pair axes generated with the RNA package (Figure 3, right-hand side). The major differences among nucleic acid structure analysis programs clearly stem from the c ...
Chemistry and biology of DNA-binding small
... the classical mode is typified by the much-studied DNA stain ethidium bromide and the antimalarial quinacrine10. An important contributor to the binding affinity of ethidium bromide and quinacrine to DNA is the stacking interaction of the respective heteroaromatic rings with the DNA base pairs. In c ...
... the classical mode is typified by the much-studied DNA stain ethidium bromide and the antimalarial quinacrine10. An important contributor to the binding affinity of ethidium bromide and quinacrine to DNA is the stacking interaction of the respective heteroaromatic rings with the DNA base pairs. In c ...
13 The Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I Pol I actually appears
... replication fork in E. coli moves at roughly 1,000 nt/sec. at 37°. (Based on 4.7 x 106 bp, and a known chromosomal replication time of ~40 min.) ...
... replication fork in E. coli moves at roughly 1,000 nt/sec. at 37°. (Based on 4.7 x 106 bp, and a known chromosomal replication time of ~40 min.) ...
Helicase
Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. Their main function is to unpackage an organism's genes. They are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands (i.e., DNA, RNA, or RNA-DNA hybrid) using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases resulting from the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases.