DICTIONARY OF GEOPHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, and
... acceleration The rate of change of the velocity of an object per unit of time (in Newtonian physics) and per unit of proper time of the object (in relativity theory). In relativity, acceleration also has a geometric interpretation. An object that experiences only gravitational forces moves along a g ...
... acceleration The rate of change of the velocity of an object per unit of time (in Newtonian physics) and per unit of proper time of the object (in relativity theory). In relativity, acceleration also has a geometric interpretation. An object that experiences only gravitational forces moves along a g ...
large igneous provinces and fertile mantle
... seismic velocities and melting point compared to normal mantle peridotite. Although delaminated continental crust enters the mantle at much lower rates than oceanic crust, the rates are comparable to LIP production volumes. I speculate that the large melting anomalies that form on or near ridges and ...
... seismic velocities and melting point compared to normal mantle peridotite. Although delaminated continental crust enters the mantle at much lower rates than oceanic crust, the rates are comparable to LIP production volumes. I speculate that the large melting anomalies that form on or near ridges and ...
Large-Scale Thermo-chemical Structure of the Deep Mantle
... 2012) are based on normal-mode data. A limitation of these models is that they are restricted to spherical harmonic degrees 2, 4, and 6. Nevertheless, they indicate that LLSVPs are robust structures. Details on the lower mantle seismic structure, in particular the shape and extent of LLSVPs, may be ...
... 2012) are based on normal-mode data. A limitation of these models is that they are restricted to spherical harmonic degrees 2, 4, and 6. Nevertheless, they indicate that LLSVPs are robust structures. Details on the lower mantle seismic structure, in particular the shape and extent of LLSVPs, may be ...
Chapter 2b More on the Momentum Principle
... If θ = 90° , the first string is vertical, and we expect the tension in this string to be mg. Since sin ( 90° ) = 1 , we do indeed find F 1 = mg . Also, F 2 = 0 , as it should in this case. On the other hand, if θ = 0 , sin ( 0 ) = 0 , the first string is horizontal, and F 2 = mg ⁄ 0 , which is infi ...
... If θ = 90° , the first string is vertical, and we expect the tension in this string to be mg. Since sin ( 90° ) = 1 , we do indeed find F 1 = mg . Also, F 2 = 0 , as it should in this case. On the other hand, if θ = 0 , sin ( 0 ) = 0 , the first string is horizontal, and F 2 = mg ⁄ 0 , which is infi ...
Dismantling the Deep Earth: Geochemical
... - Top moved left to right, then bottom moved right to left, 10 cycles. ...
... - Top moved left to right, then bottom moved right to left, 10 cycles. ...
Upper mantle structure beneath the eastern Colorado Plateau and
... Plateau is underlain by a low-density upper mantle province that does not trend along upper crustal tectonic boundaries but, rather, is correlated with regions of middle to late Tertiary magmatism. We model uppermost mantle density contrasts using Bouguer gravity along five parallel profiles across ...
... Plateau is underlain by a low-density upper mantle province that does not trend along upper crustal tectonic boundaries but, rather, is correlated with regions of middle to late Tertiary magmatism. We model uppermost mantle density contrasts using Bouguer gravity along five parallel profiles across ...
PC_Earth_Science_Macomb_April08
... experimentation. They will be able to distinguish between types of scientific knowledge (e.g., hypotheses, laws, theories) and become aware of areas of active research in contrast to conclusions that are part of established scientific consensus. They will use their scientific knowledge to assess the ...
... experimentation. They will be able to distinguish between types of scientific knowledge (e.g., hypotheses, laws, theories) and become aware of areas of active research in contrast to conclusions that are part of established scientific consensus. They will use their scientific knowledge to assess the ...
geologic time, concepts, and principles
... Gould argued that Hutton's interpretation of uniformitarianism actually included a cyclical series of events in which all of Earth history was repeated with "repair" of the earlier age, much as many primal societies view time as a cyclical, rather than linear, phenomenon. Furthermore, the rates of g ...
... Gould argued that Hutton's interpretation of uniformitarianism actually included a cyclical series of events in which all of Earth history was repeated with "repair" of the earlier age, much as many primal societies view time as a cyclical, rather than linear, phenomenon. Furthermore, the rates of g ...
The thermochemical structure and evolution of Earth`s mantle
... previous convection models with geochemical tracking both in the range of elements tracked and in the physical realism: previous models used prescribed plate motions (Christensen & Hofmann 1994) or composition that did not a¬ect buoyancy (Ferrachat & Ricard 2001). The present model has been develope ...
... previous convection models with geochemical tracking both in the range of elements tracked and in the physical realism: previous models used prescribed plate motions (Christensen & Hofmann 1994) or composition that did not a¬ect buoyancy (Ferrachat & Ricard 2001). The present model has been develope ...
Formation of single and double-headed streamers in sprite
... of the halo calculated in the sprite-halo modeling (i.e., during the first modeling step). Without considering streamer formation, the peak luminosity of the sprite halo in a horizontal line of sight is ≃107 R at 81 km at t = 0.9 ms. For convenience, in Figure 1b we mark the regions in which only sp ...
... of the halo calculated in the sprite-halo modeling (i.e., during the first modeling step). Without considering streamer formation, the peak luminosity of the sprite halo in a horizontal line of sight is ≃107 R at 81 km at t = 0.9 ms. For convenience, in Figure 1b we mark the regions in which only sp ...
Physics - Bideford College Sixth Form
... The last question of the ISA often requires the description of an experiment to support a theory. Change – Which variables will you keep the same and which will you change? Range – Give specific values for the variables you will use. Calculate – What will you calculate or plot? Conclude – What resul ...
... The last question of the ISA often requires the description of an experiment to support a theory. Change – Which variables will you keep the same and which will you change? Range – Give specific values for the variables you will use. Calculate – What will you calculate or plot? Conclude – What resul ...
Dynamic Earth: crustal and mantle heterogeneity
... and has a relatively simple basic structure that is subsequently overprinted by other events such as the formation of seamounts and oceanic islands. The result of the subduction conveyor belt is that very little oceanic crust is much older than 140 Ma and any complexity returns into the mantle. In c ...
... and has a relatively simple basic structure that is subsequently overprinted by other events such as the formation of seamounts and oceanic islands. The result of the subduction conveyor belt is that very little oceanic crust is much older than 140 Ma and any complexity returns into the mantle. In c ...
Workman, Hart, 2005 - University of Maryland, Department of Geology
... peridotite samples. We have compiled a data set from the literature that includes abyssal peridotites having both cpx trace element analyses and modal abundances (data sources are [10,11,15,18–21]). All samples containing more than 1% modal plagioclase are excluded on the basis that most plagioclase ...
... peridotite samples. We have compiled a data set from the literature that includes abyssal peridotites having both cpx trace element analyses and modal abundances (data sources are [10,11,15,18–21]). All samples containing more than 1% modal plagioclase are excluded on the basis that most plagioclase ...
Schiehallion experiment
The Schiehallion experiment was an 18th-century experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth. Funded by a grant from the Royal Society, it was conducted in the summer of 1774 around the Scottish mountain of Schiehallion, Perthshire. The experiment involved measuring the tiny deflection of a pendulum due to the gravitational attraction of a nearby mountain. Schiehallion was considered the ideal location after a search for candidate mountains, thanks to its isolation and almost symmetrical shape. One of the triggers for the experiment were anomalies noted during the survey of the Mason–Dixon Line.The experiment had previously been considered, but rejected, by Isaac Newton as a practical demonstration of his theory of gravitation. However, a team of scientists, notably Nevil Maskelyne, the Astronomer Royal, were convinced that the effect would be detectable and undertook to conduct the experiment. The deflection angle depended on the relative densities and volumes of the Earth and the mountain: if the density and volume of Schiehallion could be ascertained, then so could the density of the Earth. Once this was known, then this would in turn yield approximate values for those of the other planets, their moons, and the Sun, previously known only in terms of their relative ratios. As an additional benefit, the concept of contour lines, devised to simplify the process of surveying the mountain, later became a standard technique in cartography.