Relationship of orthopedic examination
... cats with lower SDJD and SPain. Little work has been performed on determining how best to evaluate temperament in domesticated cats [28] and none on the association between temperament and disease. Several studies have evaluated aspects of behavior in relation to the presence of DJD [2,9,13,27] but ...
... cats with lower SDJD and SPain. Little work has been performed on determining how best to evaluate temperament in domesticated cats [28] and none on the association between temperament and disease. Several studies have evaluated aspects of behavior in relation to the presence of DJD [2,9,13,27] but ...
Hunting jellyfish - Ceylon Medical Journal
... the beach. They are difficult to spot in the water. The largest have been 6 cm in length, the commonest size being about 3 cm. Sea bathers are occasionally stung. The pain of the sting develops slowly to reach a maximum in 10 to 15 minutes. It fluctuates in intensity and begins to wane in 1 hour, re ...
... the beach. They are difficult to spot in the water. The largest have been 6 cm in length, the commonest size being about 3 cm. Sea bathers are occasionally stung. The pain of the sting develops slowly to reach a maximum in 10 to 15 minutes. It fluctuates in intensity and begins to wane in 1 hour, re ...
Pain, Distress, Analgesia and Anesthesia
... complete the protocol form. The IACUC then determines how appropriate their selections are during protocol review. Criteria for assessing pain in different species differ since species vary in their response to pain. Some species-specific behavioral manifestations of pain or distress used as indicat ...
... complete the protocol form. The IACUC then determines how appropriate their selections are during protocol review. Criteria for assessing pain in different species differ since species vary in their response to pain. Some species-specific behavioral manifestations of pain or distress used as indicat ...
Hip joint denervation in dogs with degenerative joint disease
... described by KINZEL et al. (2002b), comprehended a 3-5 cm long incision, starting at the cranial region of the greater trochanter and progressing toward the iliac crest. At this area, we addressed the biceps femoris, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata muscles, which were divulsed through the tria ...
... described by KINZEL et al. (2002b), comprehended a 3-5 cm long incision, starting at the cranial region of the greater trochanter and progressing toward the iliac crest. At this area, we addressed the biceps femoris, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata muscles, which were divulsed through the tria ...
Acupuncture for General Veterinary Practice
... Joint diseases are other causes of canine paralysis and lameness [1]. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a most common genetic disorder, often found in breeds such as German shepherd. Usually both hip joints are affected and HD can be diagnosed when the dogs are young. The primary lesion involves a joint laxity ...
... Joint diseases are other causes of canine paralysis and lameness [1]. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a most common genetic disorder, often found in breeds such as German shepherd. Usually both hip joints are affected and HD can be diagnosed when the dogs are young. The primary lesion involves a joint laxity ...
Vet Tech Newsletter - Northern Virginia Community College
... emergency. In birds it can result from egg binding issues, disease processes, or over sexual stimulation. In reptiles it can be from parasites, egg laying issues, as well as other disease processes. The longer tissues are externally misplaced, the more serious the problem becomes. When internal tiss ...
... emergency. In birds it can result from egg binding issues, disease processes, or over sexual stimulation. In reptiles it can be from parasites, egg laying issues, as well as other disease processes. The longer tissues are externally misplaced, the more serious the problem becomes. When internal tiss ...
Pain scales and scoring in clinical settings: part 2
... Difficulties of assessing animal pain Pain is considered to be a subjective experience; therefore, what might be painful for one individual might not be for another. In verbal humans this problem is overcome by asking the individual to self-report. This becomes difficult when dealing with non-verbal ...
... Difficulties of assessing animal pain Pain is considered to be a subjective experience; therefore, what might be painful for one individual might not be for another. In verbal humans this problem is overcome by asking the individual to self-report. This becomes difficult when dealing with non-verbal ...
Equine Lameness - The Horses Mouth
... Equine Supplements Shark Net Horse Health Products Melbourne Victoria ...
... Equine Supplements Shark Net Horse Health Products Melbourne Victoria ...
Primary Species - Rats And Mice - LABSG
... animal had been losing weight and had history of a lump at the base of the right ear. Purulent discharge was noted draining from this lesion. Other rats in the colony had histories of facial abscesses. On necropsy, the thin rat had irregularly rounded tympanic bullae with bony projections. The right ...
... animal had been losing weight and had history of a lump at the base of the right ear. Purulent discharge was noted draining from this lesion. Other rats in the colony had histories of facial abscesses. On necropsy, the thin rat had irregularly rounded tympanic bullae with bony projections. The right ...
Assignment of Animals into Pain Categories - UNC Research
... Assignment of Animals into Pain Categories The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is required to report an annual census of the number of animals used in research and teaching, the type of species used, and the number of animals placed in each of the four “Pain Categories (B, C, D and E)”. ...
... Assignment of Animals into Pain Categories The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is required to report an annual census of the number of animals used in research and teaching, the type of species used, and the number of animals placed in each of the four “Pain Categories (B, C, D and E)”. ...
Molecular characterization of calpastatins from Rainbow trout:
... identity, respectively. Expression of CAST messenger RNA was measured by the real time RT-PCR in 3 rainbow trout strains different in their growth rates and higher filet firmness. Fish were fed either high or low energy diets. CAST-L and CAST-S expressions were higher in fish strains with faster gro ...
... identity, respectively. Expression of CAST messenger RNA was measured by the real time RT-PCR in 3 rainbow trout strains different in their growth rates and higher filet firmness. Fish were fed either high or low energy diets. CAST-L and CAST-S expressions were higher in fish strains with faster gro ...
Pain in fish
Pain in fish is a contentious issue. Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated with suffering, which is an emotional state. Because of this complexity, the presence of pain in an animal, or another human for that matter, cannot be determined unambiguously using observational methods, but the conclusion that animals experience pain is often inferred on the basis of likely presence of phenomenal consciousness which is deduced from comparative brain physiology as well as physical and behavioural reactions.Fish fulfill several criteria proposed as indicating that non-human animals may experience pain. These fulfilled criteria include a suitable nervous system and sensory receptors, opioid receptors and reduced responses to noxious stimuli when given analgesics and local anaesthetics, physiological changes to noxious stimuli, displaying protective motor reactions, exhibiting avoidance learning and making trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements.Pain in fish has societal implications including their suffering when exposed to pollutants, in commercial and sporting fisheries, aquaculture, in ornamental fish and for fish used in scientific research. Both scientists and animal protection advocates have raised concerns about the possible suffering (pain and fear) of fish caused by angling.Several scientists and scientific groups have expressed the belief that fish can feel pain, however, this remains somewhat controversial due to differences in brain structure and the nervous system compared with other vertebrates.