The Secular Religions of Progress
... For Bentham, the supreme goal of the moral philosopher is to discover which conventions maximize the happiness (understood in hedonistic terms) of the greatest number of people and thereby to judge the utility — that is to say, in his terms the ethical status — of any action. Inspired by the rise o ...
... For Bentham, the supreme goal of the moral philosopher is to discover which conventions maximize the happiness (understood in hedonistic terms) of the greatest number of people and thereby to judge the utility — that is to say, in his terms the ethical status — of any action. Inspired by the rise o ...
The Secular Religions of Progress
... For Bentham, the supreme goal of the moral philosopher is to discover which conventions maximize the happiness (understood in hedonistic terms) of the greatest number of people and thereby to judge the utility — that is to say, in his terms the ethical status — of any action. Inspired by the rise o ...
... For Bentham, the supreme goal of the moral philosopher is to discover which conventions maximize the happiness (understood in hedonistic terms) of the greatest number of people and thereby to judge the utility — that is to say, in his terms the ethical status — of any action. Inspired by the rise o ...
THE SOCIALIST-ORIENTED MARKET ECONOMY IN VIETNAM
... 3. However, in practice, the market economy system based on private ownership did not collapse thanks to its self-improving ability. In order to address the problems arisen from self-interest motives, repairing the so-called “market failure”, the solution lies not in the abolishment of private owner ...
... 3. However, in practice, the market economy system based on private ownership did not collapse thanks to its self-improving ability. In order to address the problems arisen from self-interest motives, repairing the so-called “market failure”, the solution lies not in the abolishment of private owner ...
capitalism - worldhistorynulty
... capitalism Capitalism is an economic system in which most means of production are privately owned, and goods, services, and income are distributed through markets. Capitalism is also called free-market or freeenterprise economy. Under laissez-faire capitalism, the state is separated from the economy ...
... capitalism Capitalism is an economic system in which most means of production are privately owned, and goods, services, and income are distributed through markets. Capitalism is also called free-market or freeenterprise economy. Under laissez-faire capitalism, the state is separated from the economy ...
ПЛАН РАБОТЫ
... alternative before making a decision. The second basic reason is that the study of economics helps people to understand the reality in which they live, so that they can comprehend how economic events, such as economic crisis or unemployment, occur and how the economic situation of the country and th ...
... alternative before making a decision. The second basic reason is that the study of economics helps people to understand the reality in which they live, so that they can comprehend how economic events, such as economic crisis or unemployment, occur and how the economic situation of the country and th ...
The Market in Economics: Behavioural Assumptions
... of it and instead use more of other factors of production that have become relatively cheaper. Production decisions with regard to inputs and outputs therefore depend on the prices of all inputs and outputs in the economy. If we try to construct a model of the whole economy, or at least of the whol ...
... of it and instead use more of other factors of production that have become relatively cheaper. Production decisions with regard to inputs and outputs therefore depend on the prices of all inputs and outputs in the economy. If we try to construct a model of the whole economy, or at least of the whol ...
ARCHIVE: MARX, CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE
... The fourth phase of political economy, after 1848 . falls into the period in which class antagonisms became fully developed, and unmistakably visible in the June battles in Paris, when, for the first time, the working class struggled for its own aims . The result was the complete dissolution of the ...
... The fourth phase of political economy, after 1848 . falls into the period in which class antagonisms became fully developed, and unmistakably visible in the June battles in Paris, when, for the first time, the working class struggled for its own aims . The result was the complete dissolution of the ...
Moni Guha: Collapse of Socialism
... in a very limited way, but did not integrate itself into the imperialist dominated world market in the sphere of competition through imports and exports of goods or capital. That is why the economic policy of Soviet Union was independent but not autarkic. A state which takes part in the coercive and ...
... in a very limited way, but did not integrate itself into the imperialist dominated world market in the sphere of competition through imports and exports of goods or capital. That is why the economic policy of Soviet Union was independent but not autarkic. A state which takes part in the coercive and ...
ECO102-Ch01-Economics and the Economy
... to choose. Each individual economic agent (people, households, business firms, governments, institutions, etc) comes across scarcity (and choice!) on a daily basis. In addition, the outcomes of the ‘three problems of daily living’ - what goods to produce, how to produce them, and for whom to produce ...
... to choose. Each individual economic agent (people, households, business firms, governments, institutions, etc) comes across scarcity (and choice!) on a daily basis. In addition, the outcomes of the ‘three problems of daily living’ - what goods to produce, how to produce them, and for whom to produce ...
The Western Economic Thought and its Response from the
... nature and proceeded to isolate the economic goods by which economic needs are satisfied; he talks about production and the factors involved, the distribution of labour, the significance of the primary, the secondary and the tertiary sectors, and the stages in the development of the economy. He also ...
... nature and proceeded to isolate the economic goods by which economic needs are satisfied; he talks about production and the factors involved, the distribution of labour, the significance of the primary, the secondary and the tertiary sectors, and the stages in the development of the economy. He also ...
Economic System (Encyclopedia Britannica Article, by Heilbroner)
... was there a “commercialization” of the aristocratic strata, many of whom fared poorly in an ever more money-oriented world, and who accordingly contracted marriages with merchant families whom they would not have received at home a generation or two earlier. Of greatest significance, however, was th ...
... was there a “commercialization” of the aristocratic strata, many of whom fared poorly in an ever more money-oriented world, and who accordingly contracted marriages with merchant families whom they would not have received at home a generation or two earlier. Of greatest significance, however, was th ...
11 the journal of social science scholar
... business interests to state-interest and imperialism, and consequently, the state apparatus is utilized to advance national business interests abroad. An example of this is colonists living in America who were only allowed to trade with and purchase goods from their respective mother countries (Brit ...
... business interests to state-interest and imperialism, and consequently, the state apparatus is utilized to advance national business interests abroad. An example of this is colonists living in America who were only allowed to trade with and purchase goods from their respective mother countries (Brit ...
Market power and food system
... Orthodox= the standard model= neoclassical economics (neoclassical revolution at the end of the nineteenth century, Walras and the general equilibrium model). History of the economic thought 1 Mercantilism (dominated Western Europe from the 16th to the late-18th century) Smith (1776 The wealth of Na ...
... Orthodox= the standard model= neoclassical economics (neoclassical revolution at the end of the nineteenth century, Walras and the general equilibrium model). History of the economic thought 1 Mercantilism (dominated Western Europe from the 16th to the late-18th century) Smith (1776 The wealth of Na ...
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS
... without any central direction or regulation. •market The institution through which buyers and sellers interact and engage in exchange. Some markets are simple and others are complex, but they all involve buyers and sellers engaging in exchange. The behavior of buyers and sellers in a laissez-faire e ...
... without any central direction or regulation. •market The institution through which buyers and sellers interact and engage in exchange. Some markets are simple and others are complex, but they all involve buyers and sellers engaging in exchange. The behavior of buyers and sellers in a laissez-faire e ...
THE JOURNAL OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHER
... approximately in the late 16th century. It is characterized by the intertwining of national business interests to state-interest and imperialism, and consequently, the state apparatus is utilized to advance national business interests abroad. An example of this is colonists living in America who wer ...
... approximately in the late 16th century. It is characterized by the intertwining of national business interests to state-interest and imperialism, and consequently, the state apparatus is utilized to advance national business interests abroad. An example of this is colonists living in America who wer ...
the development of socialist economic thought
... He explains the system of material balances used by the Soviet planners and how these differed from the full input output table formalism later developed by Leontief. This is interesting because although the system of material balances is often refered to, it is rare to see an explanation of just ho ...
... He explains the system of material balances used by the Soviet planners and how these differed from the full input output table formalism later developed by Leontief. This is interesting because although the system of material balances is often refered to, it is rare to see an explanation of just ho ...
CCFF Bargainng Update
... chemists, including [Justus von] Liebig, and applied it to socio-ecological relations. All life is based on metabolic processes between organisms and their environment. Organisms carry out an exchange of energy and matter with their environment, which are integrated with their own internal life proc ...
... chemists, including [Justus von] Liebig, and applied it to socio-ecological relations. All life is based on metabolic processes between organisms and their environment. Organisms carry out an exchange of energy and matter with their environment, which are integrated with their own internal life proc ...
Marx`s Democratic Critique of Capitalism and Its Implications for a
... This, of course, was not to be. In the 1980s Soviet growth ground to a halt, whereas the West, following the deep recession of 1980-82, surged ahead. The Soviet system underwent a severe "legitimation crisis," abandoned its socialist heritage--and promptly collapsed. There are, of course, many paral ...
... This, of course, was not to be. In the 1980s Soviet growth ground to a halt, whereas the West, following the deep recession of 1980-82, surged ahead. The Soviet system underwent a severe "legitimation crisis," abandoned its socialist heritage--and promptly collapsed. There are, of course, many paral ...
Preface to Chinese Edition of After Capitalism
... his disdainful phrase.1 Marx shouldn’t be faulted for this omission. He was a "scientific" socialist. Although there were sufficient data available to him to ground his critique of capitalism, there was little upon which to draw regarding alternative economic institutions. No "experiments" had been ...
... his disdainful phrase.1 Marx shouldn’t be faulted for this omission. He was a "scientific" socialist. Although there were sufficient data available to him to ground his critique of capitalism, there was little upon which to draw regarding alternative economic institutions. No "experiments" had been ...
Living Standards and Economic Growth
... or the invention of the steam engine. But it also includes growth that comes from more mundane changes. Improved efficiency associated with learning-by-doing, gradual improvements in how machinery and workers are organized and utilized, and increased specialization made possible by the expansion of ...
... or the invention of the steam engine. But it also includes growth that comes from more mundane changes. Improved efficiency associated with learning-by-doing, gradual improvements in how machinery and workers are organized and utilized, and increased specialization made possible by the expansion of ...
Casino Capitalism
... unalterable. One of many inevitable consequences on the road from serfdom to democratic system and free market is downsizing or closures of uncompetitive, inefficient, overmanned enterprises and sectors. Those are the so-called 'value subtractors'; the producers who generate negative value-added at ...
... unalterable. One of many inevitable consequences on the road from serfdom to democratic system and free market is downsizing or closures of uncompetitive, inefficient, overmanned enterprises and sectors. Those are the so-called 'value subtractors'; the producers who generate negative value-added at ...
Choices
... a. resources are equally adaptable to the production of all goods. b. each resource is specialized in the production of one particular good. c. larger and larger sacrifices must be made to gain equal successive amounts of a good. d. all resources are used fully and efficiently. A. This is an unreali ...
... a. resources are equally adaptable to the production of all goods. b. each resource is specialized in the production of one particular good. c. larger and larger sacrifices must be made to gain equal successive amounts of a good. d. all resources are used fully and efficiently. A. This is an unreali ...
Economic Philosophers
... industrial revolution •He is considered a deist, but his religious views are relatively unknown ...
... industrial revolution •He is considered a deist, but his religious views are relatively unknown ...
Free Market Economy
... buyers and sellers sometimes affect people who are not participants in the market at all. Pollution is the classic example of market outcome that affects people not in the market. Such side effects, called externalities, cause welfare in a market to depend on more than just the value to the buyers a ...
... buyers and sellers sometimes affect people who are not participants in the market at all. Pollution is the classic example of market outcome that affects people not in the market. Such side effects, called externalities, cause welfare in a market to depend on more than just the value to the buyers a ...
Chapter 7 - Karl Marx
... of Marx, since his ideas formulate a complete, integrated intellectual system involving the nature of the process of social history – i.e., he was more than an “economist.” Many economic historians argue that it is impossible to understand any one part of Marx’s thoughts without putting it into its ...
... of Marx, since his ideas formulate a complete, integrated intellectual system involving the nature of the process of social history – i.e., he was more than an “economist.” Many economic historians argue that it is impossible to understand any one part of Marx’s thoughts without putting it into its ...
Commodity fetishism
In Karl Marx's critique of political economy , commodity fetishism is the perception of the social relationships involved in production, not as relationships among people, but as economic relationships among the money and commodities exchanged in market trade. As such, commodity fetishism transforms the subjective, abstract aspects of economic value into objective, real things that people believe have intrinsic value.The theory of commodity fetishism is presented in the first chapter of Capital: Critique of Political Economy (1867), at the conclusion of the analysis of the value-form of commodities, to explain that the social organization of labour is mediated through market exchange, the buying and the selling of commodities (goods and services). Hence, in a capitalist society, social relations between people—who makes what, who works for whom, the production-time for a commodity, et cetera—are perceived as economic relations among objects, that is, how valuable a given commodity is when compared to another commodity. Therefore, the market exchange of commodities masks (obscures) the true economic character of the human relations of production, between the worker and the capitalist.Karl Marx explained the philosophic concepts underlying commodity fetishism thus: