Si photodiodes - Hamamatsu Photonics
... In the case of Si at room temperature, the band gap energy is 1.12 eV, so the cutoff wavelength is 1100 nm. For short wavelengths, however, the degree of light absorption within the surface diffusion layer becomes very large [Figure 1-1]. Therefore, the thinner the diffusion layer is and the closer ...
... In the case of Si at room temperature, the band gap energy is 1.12 eV, so the cutoff wavelength is 1100 nm. For short wavelengths, however, the degree of light absorption within the surface diffusion layer becomes very large [Figure 1-1]. Therefore, the thinner the diffusion layer is and the closer ...
Insulation resistance
... switched off, moisture or other effects can cause insulation faults in the supply cable or in the load itself and these faults go unnoticed. In this case, when switching on (from temporary disabled power consumers) either the protective device is triggered, or motor fires may occur. Ultimately, opera ...
... switched off, moisture or other effects can cause insulation faults in the supply cable or in the load itself and these faults go unnoticed. In this case, when switching on (from temporary disabled power consumers) either the protective device is triggered, or motor fires may occur. Ultimately, opera ...
Microscopy - Frank`s Hospital Workshop
... interference contrast, or RIC). It is used to examine the adhesion of cells to a glass surface, using polarized light of a narrow range of wavelengths to be reflected whenever there is an interface between two substances with different refractive indices. Whenever a cell is attached to the glass sur ...
... interference contrast, or RIC). It is used to examine the adhesion of cells to a glass surface, using polarized light of a narrow range of wavelengths to be reflected whenever there is an interface between two substances with different refractive indices. Whenever a cell is attached to the glass sur ...
Light Microscopy
... best. To perform these tasks it is helpful to understand how the Köhler system works, and we shall therefore start by describing this. Looking at Fig. 4, we see that two different ray paths exist in the microscope. These are the illumination and imaging ray paths. These ray paths image the lamp fila ...
... best. To perform these tasks it is helpful to understand how the Köhler system works, and we shall therefore start by describing this. Looking at Fig. 4, we see that two different ray paths exist in the microscope. These are the illumination and imaging ray paths. These ray paths image the lamp fila ...
Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes: a review
... High radiance, modulation capabilities, spectral purity and efficiency are no longer exclusively attributed to lasers. Since the invention and first demonstration1 in 1992 of the Resonant-Cavity LED (RCLED) which uses photon quantisation in microcavities to enhance spontaneous emission properties, d ...
... High radiance, modulation capabilities, spectral purity and efficiency are no longer exclusively attributed to lasers. Since the invention and first demonstration1 in 1992 of the Resonant-Cavity LED (RCLED) which uses photon quantisation in microcavities to enhance spontaneous emission properties, d ...
Plasmonic Nearfield Scanning Probe with High Transmission
... and εm and εd are the dielectric constants of metal and surrounding dielectric, respectively. When εm is approaching -εd at certain wavelengths, the λsp becomes much smaller than λ0. This unique dispersive behavior of SPPs allows for the manipulation of light at subwavelength scale compared to the e ...
... and εm and εd are the dielectric constants of metal and surrounding dielectric, respectively. When εm is approaching -εd at certain wavelengths, the λsp becomes much smaller than λ0. This unique dispersive behavior of SPPs allows for the manipulation of light at subwavelength scale compared to the e ...
A-141
... Light is emitted repeatedly at fixed intervals. The effects of ambient light interference are easily removed with this system, enabling long distance detection. In models equipped with anti-mutual interference function, the emission cycle is varied within a specified range to handle coherent light a ...
... Light is emitted repeatedly at fixed intervals. The effects of ambient light interference are easily removed with this system, enabling long distance detection. In models equipped with anti-mutual interference function, the emission cycle is varied within a specified range to handle coherent light a ...
PDF - Photonics Research Group
... for electrically-pumped membrane opto-electronic devices. Firstly, devices with ever-smaller sizes require minimized specific contact resistances to obtain high speed and low power consumption. Secondly, in a photonic membrane, which is typically below one micron thick, the guided optical modes can ...
... for electrically-pumped membrane opto-electronic devices. Firstly, devices with ever-smaller sizes require minimized specific contact resistances to obtain high speed and low power consumption. Secondly, in a photonic membrane, which is typically below one micron thick, the guided optical modes can ...
Super-Resolution Microscopy: Interference and Pattern Techniques
... which is the Abbe definition for the minimum grating distance of a yet resolvable grating in the object plane (for transmitted light microscopy). In fluorescence microscopy, the wavelength of the emission light is close to that of the excitation light (λem ≈ λex ). Hence, the reciprocal grating period ...
... which is the Abbe definition for the minimum grating distance of a yet resolvable grating in the object plane (for transmitted light microscopy). In fluorescence microscopy, the wavelength of the emission light is close to that of the excitation light (λem ≈ λex ). Hence, the reciprocal grating period ...
History of Fiber Optics
... The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances. However, some of ...
... The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances. However, some of ...
(NLPIP) - Full Spectrum Light Sources
... How valid are the claims regarding full-spectrum light sources? Full-spectrum light sources and color perception. Full-spectrum light sources will probably provide excellent color rendering. Color rendering index (CRI) values for full-spectrum lighting sources are typically greater than 90. Color is ...
... How valid are the claims regarding full-spectrum light sources? Full-spectrum light sources and color perception. Full-spectrum light sources will probably provide excellent color rendering. Color rendering index (CRI) values for full-spectrum lighting sources are typically greater than 90. Color is ...
Option C – Imaging
... transparent materials (such as glass or plastic) use the effect shown in Figure 15.3 to focus light and form images. This usually involves light travelling from an object through air and then through a transparent lens that has two smooth, curved surfaces. Refraction then occurs at both surfaces as ...
... transparent materials (such as glass or plastic) use the effect shown in Figure 15.3 to focus light and form images. This usually involves light travelling from an object through air and then through a transparent lens that has two smooth, curved surfaces. Refraction then occurs at both surfaces as ...
Electronic Troubleshooting
... • If extensions of the thermal couple wires are used they should be of a larger size and material » Different materials create Incorrect readings since the connection of dissimilar materials creates a new junction » Larger size is needed for IR drops ...
... • If extensions of the thermal couple wires are used they should be of a larger size and material » Different materials create Incorrect readings since the connection of dissimilar materials creates a new junction » Larger size is needed for IR drops ...
Part 1
... detrimental. For example, with a CuL source, a 50 nm feature must be exposed at a mask-tosubstrate gap of less than about 4 µm in order to maintain good process latitude. A 25 nm feature would require a gap of 1 µm. For such very small features, we eliminate the gap and use contact between the subst ...
... detrimental. For example, with a CuL source, a 50 nm feature must be exposed at a mask-tosubstrate gap of less than about 4 µm in order to maintain good process latitude. A 25 nm feature would require a gap of 1 µm. For such very small features, we eliminate the gap and use contact between the subst ...
Fabrication of Surface Plasmon Resonators by Nanoskiving Single
... light at the nanoscale, but these waveguides suffer from high loss (the propagation length of light in these structures is around 2.5 µm).3,4 In chemically synthesized silver nanowires, this propagation length increases to 10 µm because of their smooth surfaces.1 The low loss of these silver nanowir ...
... light at the nanoscale, but these waveguides suffer from high loss (the propagation length of light in these structures is around 2.5 µm).3,4 In chemically synthesized silver nanowires, this propagation length increases to 10 µm because of their smooth surfaces.1 The low loss of these silver nanowir ...
Optical measurement technique with telecentric lenses
... lens (approx. 35 cm). With the tele-lens however the distance has to be very large (approx. 2 m). One may clearly observe, that with the wide angle lens the chess figures, which were arranged in equally spaced rows, seem to become rapidly smaller, thus giving the impression of large spatial depth. I ...
... lens (approx. 35 cm). With the tele-lens however the distance has to be very large (approx. 2 m). One may clearly observe, that with the wide angle lens the chess figures, which were arranged in equally spaced rows, seem to become rapidly smaller, thus giving the impression of large spatial depth. I ...
Abstract
... dark current limitations. The speed of this device must match up with the speed of the modulator or else data imposed on the optical connection will be lost. The responsivity is an important factor in the design of the detector because determines whether or not an signal will produce enough of a vol ...
... dark current limitations. The speed of this device must match up with the speed of the modulator or else data imposed on the optical connection will be lost. The responsivity is an important factor in the design of the detector because determines whether or not an signal will produce enough of a vol ...
eng paper 1
... (2) the current passing through the consumer device. (ii) What is the potential drop across the cable? (iii) Determine the voltage between terminals X and Y. (iv) If the transformer is 100% efficient, find (1) the power input to the primary coil of the transformer, and (2) the turn ratio of the tran ...
... (2) the current passing through the consumer device. (ii) What is the potential drop across the cable? (iii) Determine the voltage between terminals X and Y. (iv) If the transformer is 100% efficient, find (1) the power input to the primary coil of the transformer, and (2) the turn ratio of the tran ...
A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
Optical Through the Air Communication -- Preface
... ways to reduce the influence ambient light had on the sensitive light detector circuits and I developed techniques to increase the practical distance between a light transmitter and receiver. I also experimented with many common light sources such as fluorescent lamps and xenon camera flash tubes to ...
... ways to reduce the influence ambient light had on the sensitive light detector circuits and I developed techniques to increase the practical distance between a light transmitter and receiver. I also experimented with many common light sources such as fluorescent lamps and xenon camera flash tubes to ...
Vision Improvement by Correcting Higher
... of corrective optics reduce visual benefit of correcting higher-order aberrations. The visual benefit for a smaller pupil is reduced simply because the magnitude of the higher-order aberration contained becomes smaller as the pupil size is decreased. The maximum visual benefit from the modulation tr ...
... of corrective optics reduce visual benefit of correcting higher-order aberrations. The visual benefit for a smaller pupil is reduced simply because the magnitude of the higher-order aberration contained becomes smaller as the pupil size is decreased. The maximum visual benefit from the modulation tr ...
Focus Variation – a Robust Technology for High
... difficult. This is e.g. addressed by Dietsch [9] who has compared two tactile and two optical devices (WLI and confocal) using roughness standards and step height artefacts. He concludes that the results do not always correlate which may be among others due to the fact that the standards are not sui ...
... difficult. This is e.g. addressed by Dietsch [9] who has compared two tactile and two optical devices (WLI and confocal) using roughness standards and step height artefacts. He concludes that the results do not always correlate which may be among others due to the fact that the standards are not sui ...
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... against the original substrate with nanotubes covered by the gold film, and then peeled off together with the gold film and nanotubes (Figure 1e). The nanotube/gold film/thermal tape trilayer structure was pressed against the target substrate, and the tape was then released by simply heating to 120 ...
... against the original substrate with nanotubes covered by the gold film, and then peeled off together with the gold film and nanotubes (Figure 1e). The nanotube/gold film/thermal tape trilayer structure was pressed against the target substrate, and the tape was then released by simply heating to 120 ...
Quasi Light Fields: Extending the Light Field to Coherent Radiation
... The light field represents radiance as a function of position and direction, thereby decomposing optical power flow along rays. The light field is an important tool used in many imaging applications in different disciplines, but is traditionally limited to incoherent light. In computer graphics, a r ...
... The light field represents radiance as a function of position and direction, thereby decomposing optical power flow along rays. The light field is an important tool used in many imaging applications in different disciplines, but is traditionally limited to incoherent light. In computer graphics, a r ...
Demonstration of a large-scale optical exceptional point structure Liang Feng, Xuefeng Zhu,
... of non-absorbing transparent dielectric materials. Most recently, it has been suggested that the use of highly-absorbing dielectrics could result in intriguing optical phenomena [1]. If material losses are further designed intercorrelated with the index of refraction, unique optical functionalities ...
... of non-absorbing transparent dielectric materials. Most recently, it has been suggested that the use of highly-absorbing dielectrics could result in intriguing optical phenomena [1]. If material losses are further designed intercorrelated with the index of refraction, unique optical functionalities ...
Night vision device
A night vision device (NVD) is an optoelectronic device that allows images to be produced in levels of light approaching total darkness. The image may be a conversion to visible light of both visible light and near-infrared, while by convention detection of thermal infrared is denoted thermal imaging. The image produced is typically monochrome, e.g. shades of green. NVDs are most often used by the military and law enforcement agencies, but are available to civilian users. The term usually refers to a complete unit, including an image intensifier tube, a protective and generally water-resistant housing, and some type of mounting system. Many NVDs also include optical components such as a sacrificial lens, or telescopic lenses or mirrors. An NVD may have an IR illuminator, making it an active as opposed to passive night vision device.Night vision devices were first used in World War II, and came into wide use during the Vietnam War. The technology has evolved greatly since their introduction, leading to several ""generations"" of night vision equipment with performance increasing and price decreasing. Consequently, they are available for a wide range of applications, e.g. for gunners, drivers and aviators. Another term is ""night optical/observation device"" or NOD.