Basic Concepts and Distinctions - The University of Texas at Arlington
... 3 There is a close connection between inference and argumentation, but the processes (activities) are not identical. Inference, or reasoning, is the (psychological) process by which one draws a conclusion from one or more premises. For example, I may infer from the fact that the roads are icy this m ...
... 3 There is a close connection between inference and argumentation, but the processes (activities) are not identical. Inference, or reasoning, is the (psychological) process by which one draws a conclusion from one or more premises. For example, I may infer from the fact that the roads are icy this m ...
Section 2.4: Arguments with Quantified Statements
... This then tells us that everything in D must be in Q since the circle of all things in D is contained in Q. Notice however, that it does not tell us whether something in Q is in D (indeed it would be wrong to assume so). In a similar theme, if we have an expression such as ∀x, x ∈ D →∼ Q(x), we woul ...
... This then tells us that everything in D must be in Q since the circle of all things in D is contained in Q. Notice however, that it does not tell us whether something in Q is in D (indeed it would be wrong to assume so). In a similar theme, if we have an expression such as ∀x, x ∈ D →∼ Q(x), we woul ...
Deductive Arguments
... conclusion to be false. The conclusion does not follow. Whether or not the premises are in fact true, it would be possible or conceivable for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. The truth of the premises would not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. As it happens the premises of B a ...
... conclusion to be false. The conclusion does not follow. Whether or not the premises are in fact true, it would be possible or conceivable for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. The truth of the premises would not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. As it happens the premises of B a ...
a. p
... The most famous form of syllogism in logic is called modus ponens. It has the following form: If p then q. p q ...
... The most famous form of syllogism in logic is called modus ponens. It has the following form: If p then q. p q ...
On the Complexity of Linking Deductive and Abstract Argument
... Amgoud 2003). The argumentation process typically starts with a knowledge base that contains logical conflicts, and is hence inconsistent: argumentation can be understood as the process of extracting a rationally justifiable position from this inconsistent starting point. Essentially two different a ...
... Amgoud 2003). The argumentation process typically starts with a knowledge base that contains logical conflicts, and is hence inconsistent: argumentation can be understood as the process of extracting a rationally justifiable position from this inconsistent starting point. Essentially two different a ...
Introduction to Proofs, Rules of Equivalence, Rules of
... • Valid argument forms allow us to establish legitimate patterns of inference, legitimate rules. • If a pattern of inference is valid, we can rest assured that any instance of that pattern is valid without having to the instance. • Never forget: Validity is a matter of form. • Recognizing and applyi ...
... • Valid argument forms allow us to establish legitimate patterns of inference, legitimate rules. • If a pattern of inference is valid, we can rest assured that any instance of that pattern is valid without having to the instance. • Never forget: Validity is a matter of form. • Recognizing and applyi ...
deductive reasoning
... the course of an argument, sometimes referred to as a “weasel word.” 3. Begging the Question occurs when the conclusion of an argument is already present, usually disguised, in one of its premises. 4. Ad Hominem (appeal to the person) irrelevantly attacks the person making a claim rather than attack ...
... the course of an argument, sometimes referred to as a “weasel word.” 3. Begging the Question occurs when the conclusion of an argument is already present, usually disguised, in one of its premises. 4. Ad Hominem (appeal to the person) irrelevantly attacks the person making a claim rather than attack ...
How do logic and argument play a role in developing humour
... Humour provokes laughter and amusement. Logic plays a role in humour because things have to be logical for us to understand without questioning the concept of the joke. Logic in humour has to he realistic for us to not question the concept, or completely unrealistic which makes it funny because it i ...
... Humour provokes laughter and amusement. Logic plays a role in humour because things have to be logical for us to understand without questioning the concept of the joke. Logic in humour has to he realistic for us to not question the concept, or completely unrealistic which makes it funny because it i ...
Knowledge structuring in scholarly discourse
... c) Same camp, equal demarcation of scientific field (ontology) – same terminology for objects - but logical divergences. In most cases you will find a flaw here. d) Camps differ mostly in their use (or definitions) of concepts and the acceptance of premises. Key words from more traditional theories ...
... c) Same camp, equal demarcation of scientific field (ontology) – same terminology for objects - but logical divergences. In most cases you will find a flaw here. d) Camps differ mostly in their use (or definitions) of concepts and the acceptance of premises. Key words from more traditional theories ...
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World
... abstract reasons. People, they think, can be acted on by their interests, or patronage, or the social milieu, but abstract facts like 2 + 2 = 4 do not act. So explanations of how people, including scientists, think ought to be sociological. This argument appears in various forms, mostly not very exp ...
... abstract reasons. People, they think, can be acted on by their interests, or patronage, or the social milieu, but abstract facts like 2 + 2 = 4 do not act. So explanations of how people, including scientists, think ought to be sociological. This argument appears in various forms, mostly not very exp ...
Introduction to Logic
... • Formal logic replaces the ordinary language of argument with a symbolic language. • This language is meant to be free of all ambiguity and vagueness. • The language is meant to wear its logical structure on its face. • Our formal languages: SL and QL. ...
... • Formal logic replaces the ordinary language of argument with a symbolic language. • This language is meant to be free of all ambiguity and vagueness. • The language is meant to wear its logical structure on its face. • Our formal languages: SL and QL. ...
Argumentative Approaches to Reasoning with Maximal Consistency
... Figure 1: An argumentation framework with five arguments and six attacks. When it comes to applications, it is often useful to provide a specific account of the structure of arguments and the concrete nature of argumentative attacks. For this we follow the sequent-based approach introduced in (Ariel ...
... Figure 1: An argumentation framework with five arguments and six attacks. When it comes to applications, it is often useful to provide a specific account of the structure of arguments and the concrete nature of argumentative attacks. For this we follow the sequent-based approach introduced in (Ariel ...
Document
... arguments and the edges represent attacks between these arguments. This simple and elegant setting is used as well in processes concerning a single agent as in multiagent scenarios. Concerning single agent cases, the agent may have to reason from conflicting pieces of information, which leads her to ...
... arguments and the edges represent attacks between these arguments. This simple and elegant setting is used as well in processes concerning a single agent as in multiagent scenarios. Concerning single agent cases, the agent may have to reason from conflicting pieces of information, which leads her to ...
Logical Argument
... discussion. Informally one should expect that a valid argument should be compelling in the sense that it is capable of convincing someone about the truth of the conclusion. However, such a criterion for validity is inadequate or even misleading since it depends more on the skill of the person constr ...
... discussion. Informally one should expect that a valid argument should be compelling in the sense that it is capable of convincing someone about the truth of the conclusion. However, such a criterion for validity is inadequate or even misleading since it depends more on the skill of the person constr ...
Argumentative Approaches to Reasoning with Maximal Consistency Ofer Arieli Christian Straßer
... Dung’s semantics for abstract argumentation frameworks. Given a framework AF (Definition 1), a key issue in its understanding is the question what combinations of arguments (called extensions) can collectively be accepted from AF. According to Dung (1995), this is determined as follows: Definition 6 L ...
... Dung’s semantics for abstract argumentation frameworks. Given a framework AF (Definition 1), a key issue in its understanding is the question what combinations of arguments (called extensions) can collectively be accepted from AF. According to Dung (1995), this is determined as follows: Definition 6 L ...
Justifying Underlying Desires for Argument
... their individual problems on negotiation. However, determining agent’s underlying desires behind the given goals or proposals, or revising them is outside the scope of these literatures. In [8–10], the authors give mechanisms for generating knowledge-dependent and context-dependent desires in practi ...
... their individual problems on negotiation. However, determining agent’s underlying desires behind the given goals or proposals, or revising them is outside the scope of these literatures. In [8–10], the authors give mechanisms for generating knowledge-dependent and context-dependent desires in practi ...
Combining Paraconsistent Logic with Argumentation
... no matter what, while if the rule is defeasible, its consequent must be accepted if there are no good reasons not to accept it. Arguments can be attacked on their (ordinary) premises and on their applications of defeasible inference rules. Some attacks succeed as defeats, which is partly determined ...
... no matter what, while if the rule is defeasible, its consequent must be accepted if there are no good reasons not to accept it. Arguments can be attacked on their (ordinary) premises and on their applications of defeasible inference rules. Some attacks succeed as defeats, which is partly determined ...
Revisiting Preferences and Argumentation
... antecedents ϕ1 , . . . , ϕn hold, then without exception, respectively presumably, the consequent ϕ holds’. There are two ways to use these rules: they could encode domain-specific information (as in e.g. default logic) but they could also express general laws of reasoning. For example, the defeasib ...
... antecedents ϕ1 , . . . , ϕn hold, then without exception, respectively presumably, the consequent ϕ holds’. There are two ways to use these rules: they could encode domain-specific information (as in e.g. default logic) but they could also express general laws of reasoning. For example, the defeasib ...
Basic Terms in Logic - Law, Politics, and Philosophy
... by logicians but of empirical scientists, researchers and private detectives. Logicians only study the reasoning found on statements and not the question of their truth values. ...
... by logicians but of empirical scientists, researchers and private detectives. Logicians only study the reasoning found on statements and not the question of their truth values. ...
The origin of the technical use of "sound argument": a postscript
... Note that what Goldstick rightly calls the "objectionable appropriation" is quite conscious. Black believes, wrongly, that the conclusion of any deductively valid argument with true premisses has been reached from its premisses by a reliable method. Note however that Black, unlike Copi seven years l ...
... Note that what Goldstick rightly calls the "objectionable appropriation" is quite conscious. Black believes, wrongly, that the conclusion of any deductively valid argument with true premisses has been reached from its premisses by a reliable method. Note however that Black, unlike Copi seven years l ...
The experimenters` regress: from skepticism to - Archipel
... The decision of the scientific community to reject claims about gravitational waves, although not rule-governed, was reasonable according to a second critic. Allan Franklin argues that the decision of the community was based on epistemological criteria (Franklin, 1994, p. 472). What was criticized a ...
... The decision of the scientific community to reject claims about gravitational waves, although not rule-governed, was reasonable according to a second critic. Allan Franklin argues that the decision of the community was based on epistemological criteria (Franklin, 1994, p. 472). What was criticized a ...
On validity and soundness
... All reliable cars are good cars. All Yugos are reliable cars. All Yugos are good cars. ...
... All reliable cars are good cars. All Yugos are reliable cars. All Yugos are good cars. ...