Left/right asymmetries and the grammar of pre- vs. post
... “Black tea, with lemon” can be heard as an independent beginning of a project or as the continuation of line 07 (“for me you could (make) another uhm”). 4 In either case, Jürgen’s utterance SCHWARZtee, mit ziTROne, is treated as an accountable action, i.e., as a complete request: it is responded to ...
... “Black tea, with lemon” can be heard as an independent beginning of a project or as the continuation of line 07 (“for me you could (make) another uhm”). 4 In either case, Jürgen’s utterance SCHWARZtee, mit ziTROne, is treated as an accountable action, i.e., as a complete request: it is responded to ...
Patterns of Dative-Nominative Alternations
... Jan got the book gestern through/by Peter sent ‘Jan got the book sent by Peter yesterday’ ...
... Jan got the book gestern through/by Peter sent ‘Jan got the book sent by Peter yesterday’ ...
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... true for the contact between the German source dialects and Russian as the language of the neighbours. Until very recently, the influence of Russian as a contact language had not been explicitly considered in research. But it is becoming more and more interesting nowadays, not least because most of ...
... true for the contact between the German source dialects and Russian as the language of the neighbours. Until very recently, the influence of Russian as a contact language had not been explicitly considered in research. But it is becoming more and more interesting nowadays, not least because most of ...
Conference Abstracts - Penn State University
... antebellum and Reconstruction periods) was Pennsylvania High German, which was a “standard” language strongly encouraged among upper classes of the Pennsylvania Dutch (Wood 1945). Large amounts of written and print media of the period evidence the extent of literacy in Pennsylvania High German. As s ...
... antebellum and Reconstruction periods) was Pennsylvania High German, which was a “standard” language strongly encouraged among upper classes of the Pennsylvania Dutch (Wood 1945). Large amounts of written and print media of the period evidence the extent of literacy in Pennsylvania High German. As s ...
Pennsylvania German language
Pennsylvania German (Deitsch, Pennsylvania Deitsch, Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch, Hinterwäldler Deutsch, usually called Pennsylvania Dutch) is a variety of West Central German spoken by the Amish and Old Order Mennonites in the United States and Canada, closely related to the Palatine dialects. There are possibly more than 300,000 native speakers in North America.It has traditionally been the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch, descendants of late 17th- and early 18th-century immigrants to Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina from southern Germany, eastern France (Alsace and Lorraine) and Switzerland. Although for many, the term 'Pennsylvania Dutch' is often taken to refer to the Amish and related Old Order groups exclusively, the term should not imply a connection to any particular religious group.In this context, the word ""Dutch"" does not refer to the Dutch people or their descendants. Instead it is probably left over from an archaic sense of the English word ""Dutch""; compare German Deutsch ('German'), Dutch Duits ('German'), Diets ('Dutch'), which once referred to any people speaking a non-peripheral continental West Germanic language on the European mainland. Alternatively, some sources give the origin of ""Dutch"" in this case as a corruption or a ""folk-rendering"" of the Pennsylvania German endonym ""Deitsch"".Speakers of the language today are primarily found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and other Midwestern States of the United States and in Ontario in Canada. Historically, the dialect was also spoken in several other regions where its use has either largely or entirely faded. The use of Pennsylvania German as a street language in urban areas of Pennsylvania (such as Allentown, Reading, Lancaster and York) was declining by the arrival of the 20th century, while in more rural areas it continued in widespread use through the World War II era. Since that time, its use has greatly declined. The exception to this decline is in the context of the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities, and presently the members of these two groups make up the majority of Pennsylvania German speakers (see Survival below).Some other North and South American Mennonites of Dutch and Prussian origin speak what is actually a Low German dialect, referred to as Plautdietsch, which is quite different from Pennsylvania German.