Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems
... consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; ...
... consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; ...
defence: what does theory tell us? The role of ecological feedbacks
... these models, the outcome of the interaction between hosts and parasites depends entirely upon the host’s genes for resistance and the parasite’s genes for infection. The purely genetic structure of these model systems has advantages in that it allows comparison with experimental data. However, such ...
... these models, the outcome of the interaction between hosts and parasites depends entirely upon the host’s genes for resistance and the parasite’s genes for infection. The purely genetic structure of these model systems has advantages in that it allows comparison with experimental data. However, such ...
Parasitology Research
... European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) originating from a northern area of Switzerland. In this study, the causative species was identified as Echinococcus multilocularis by appropriate histological and molecular analyses and corresponding DNA sequencing. This is the first confirmation of larval E. m ...
... European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) originating from a northern area of Switzerland. In this study, the causative species was identified as Echinococcus multilocularis by appropriate histological and molecular analyses and corresponding DNA sequencing. This is the first confirmation of larval E. m ...
Biological control using sterilizing viruses
... hopefully rendering the host permanently infertile. The process by which sterilizing antigens are delivered using viruses is known as viral-vectored immunocontraception (VVIC). Before regulatory approval is granted for the release of immunocontraceptive viruses, their ecacy and safety as biological ...
... hopefully rendering the host permanently infertile. The process by which sterilizing antigens are delivered using viruses is known as viral-vectored immunocontraception (VVIC). Before regulatory approval is granted for the release of immunocontraceptive viruses, their ecacy and safety as biological ...
MICR 454L
... Problem: resistance to common disinfectants Requires special water treatment in municipal systems ...
... Problem: resistance to common disinfectants Requires special water treatment in municipal systems ...
Oomycetes and fungi: two groups of pathogens on marine algae
... Norris was reported by Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (2003 ), however, they pointed that the association between the host alga and T. ulvae is mycophycobiosis. 3.3 Mitosporic fungi infecting marine algae Only one species, Sphaceloma cecidii Kohlm., was reported exclusively in galls caused by spe ...
... Norris was reported by Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (2003 ), however, they pointed that the association between the host alga and T. ulvae is mycophycobiosis. 3.3 Mitosporic fungi infecting marine algae Only one species, Sphaceloma cecidii Kohlm., was reported exclusively in galls caused by spe ...
Johnson et al. 2014 heterogeneity
... 1. Infection heterogeneity is one of the most fundamental patterns in disease ecology, yet surprisingly few studies have experimentally explored its underlying drivers. Here, we used largescale field assessments to evaluate the degree of parasite aggregation within amphibian host populations followe ...
... 1. Infection heterogeneity is one of the most fundamental patterns in disease ecology, yet surprisingly few studies have experimentally explored its underlying drivers. Here, we used largescale field assessments to evaluate the degree of parasite aggregation within amphibian host populations followe ...
Oct 12 Lecture 12 Evolution of Virulence
... transmission and virulence were positively coupled, natural selection acting on individuals could favor the evolution and maintenance of some level of virulence ...
... transmission and virulence were positively coupled, natural selection acting on individuals could favor the evolution and maintenance of some level of virulence ...
Generating super-shedders: co-infection increases bacterial load
... number for each animal was included in the model as a random term to remove the variation caused by individuals in order to gain insights into any underlying relationships in the fixed model. For the fixed model, we fitted a spline to the parasitic load, over time, of the single and co-infected grou ...
... number for each animal was included in the model as a random term to remove the variation caused by individuals in order to gain insights into any underlying relationships in the fixed model. For the fixed model, we fitted a spline to the parasitic load, over time, of the single and co-infected grou ...
- Wiley Online Library
... drugs in humans may therefore also affect parasites in animal populations, with potential feedbacks to human disease through zoonotic transmission. The broader scale community dynamics, in terms of selective pressures placed on the infectious agents, though rarely studied, could have profound impact ...
... drugs in humans may therefore also affect parasites in animal populations, with potential feedbacks to human disease through zoonotic transmission. The broader scale community dynamics, in terms of selective pressures placed on the infectious agents, though rarely studied, could have profound impact ...
T Pinworm
... The presence of pinworms can be confirmed in one of two ways. The first is direct observation of the adult worms around the anus, perineum, or entrance to the vagina. The optimum time to see the worms is 1 to 2 hours after a child has gone to bed or on awakening in the morning. A flashlight will hel ...
... The presence of pinworms can be confirmed in one of two ways. The first is direct observation of the adult worms around the anus, perineum, or entrance to the vagina. The optimum time to see the worms is 1 to 2 hours after a child has gone to bed or on awakening in the morning. A flashlight will hel ...
The macroecology of infectious diseases
... ecological theory in general. Owing to their obligate and intimate associations with hosts, parasites often exhibit different life histories and metabolic demands compared to free-living organisms, which in some cases leads to scaling patterns that differ from those of non-parasitic species. In case ...
... ecological theory in general. Owing to their obligate and intimate associations with hosts, parasites often exhibit different life histories and metabolic demands compared to free-living organisms, which in some cases leads to scaling patterns that differ from those of non-parasitic species. In case ...
Protozoal Diseases of Wildlife
... Once parasite is in tissue cyst stage it stimulates the mouse immune system so that only parasites within tissue cysts will survive, in this way the infection will not kill the mouse before the mouse gets ...
... Once parasite is in tissue cyst stage it stimulates the mouse immune system so that only parasites within tissue cysts will survive, in this way the infection will not kill the mouse before the mouse gets ...
Host-Pathogen Interactions
... body or the microorganism benefits, while the other is not affected by the interaction. Examples of this include microorganisms that make up the normal flora that inhabit the eyes. These organisms thrive on secretions and dead cells, but do not affect the host. Parasitism: In parasitism, one organis ...
... body or the microorganism benefits, while the other is not affected by the interaction. Examples of this include microorganisms that make up the normal flora that inhabit the eyes. These organisms thrive on secretions and dead cells, but do not affect the host. Parasitism: In parasitism, one organis ...
Emergence of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Type 4
... reflects the cultural and traditional customs of inhabitants of T&T. The undefined mOR for these foods indicates that the risk of acquiring SE infections from these specialty foods is exceptionally high; in most instances, only the case patients with SE had consumed them. Homemade ice cream and eggn ...
... reflects the cultural and traditional customs of inhabitants of T&T. The undefined mOR for these foods indicates that the risk of acquiring SE infections from these specialty foods is exceptionally high; in most instances, only the case patients with SE had consumed them. Homemade ice cream and eggn ...
Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?
... Vertical transmission VERTICAL TRANSMISSION is important in many terrestrial host–pathogen systems and can have complex effects on the dynamics of the interaction [38]. It is likely to be less important in marine organisms with complex life histories, particularly when small propagules are involved ...
... Vertical transmission VERTICAL TRANSMISSION is important in many terrestrial host–pathogen systems and can have complex effects on the dynamics of the interaction [38]. It is likely to be less important in marine organisms with complex life histories, particularly when small propagules are involved ...
Orlofske et al. 2012 complex comm
... on parasite transmission and infection risk, we focused on interactions between the pathogenic trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae, a sensitive amphibian host (Pseudacris regilla), and other vertebrate and invertebrate members of the community. Our primary objectives were to: (1) quantify the ability of di ...
... on parasite transmission and infection risk, we focused on interactions between the pathogenic trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae, a sensitive amphibian host (Pseudacris regilla), and other vertebrate and invertebrate members of the community. Our primary objectives were to: (1) quantify the ability of di ...
Generating malaria parasite gene deletion mutants
... limited extent. They can be recognised and eliminated by the human immune system. An effect similar to that achieved by polio vaccines, which actively ‘train’ the immune system to fight off potential polio virus infections, can be achieved with genetically attenuated parasites. The researchers have ...
... limited extent. They can be recognised and eliminated by the human immune system. An effect similar to that achieved by polio vaccines, which actively ‘train’ the immune system to fight off potential polio virus infections, can be achieved with genetically attenuated parasites. The researchers have ...
Nematoda - Moore Public Schools
... into the alveoli and crawl upward into the trachea where they are coughed up and then swallowed with saliva ...
... into the alveoli and crawl upward into the trachea where they are coughed up and then swallowed with saliva ...
Introduction to Biotechnology
... the “living together” of two organisms in a variety of relationships ...
... the “living together” of two organisms in a variety of relationships ...
The Effect of Host Genetic Diversity on Disease Spread.
... Dwyer, G., J. S. Elkinton, and J. P. Buonaccorsi. 1997. Host heterogeneity in susceptibility and disease dynamics: tests of a mathematical model. American Naturalist 150:685–707. Dybdahl, M., J. Jokela, L. F. Delph, B. Koskella, and C. M. Lively. 2008. Hybrid fitness in a locally adapted parasite. A ...
... Dwyer, G., J. S. Elkinton, and J. P. Buonaccorsi. 1997. Host heterogeneity in susceptibility and disease dynamics: tests of a mathematical model. American Naturalist 150:685–707. Dybdahl, M., J. Jokela, L. F. Delph, B. Koskella, and C. M. Lively. 2008. Hybrid fitness in a locally adapted parasite. A ...
W09micr430Lec18 - Cal State LA
... A pathogen must gain access to nutrients and appropriate growth conditions before colonization and growth in substantial numbers in host tissue can occur. Organisms may grow locally at the site of invasion or may spread through the body. If extensive bacterial growth in tissues occurs, some of the o ...
... A pathogen must gain access to nutrients and appropriate growth conditions before colonization and growth in substantial numbers in host tissue can occur. Organisms may grow locally at the site of invasion or may spread through the body. If extensive bacterial growth in tissues occurs, some of the o ...
Criscione
... perse among aquatic habitats than parasites cycling only through freshwater hosts (autogenic life cycle). Originally, this hypothesis was used to describe ecological patterns of parasite species distributions and community structure. Here, we extend the autogenic-allogenic hypothesis to the level of ...
... perse among aquatic habitats than parasites cycling only through freshwater hosts (autogenic life cycle). Originally, this hypothesis was used to describe ecological patterns of parasite species distributions and community structure. Here, we extend the autogenic-allogenic hypothesis to the level of ...
B. A. Keddie Biological Control March, 2007 HISTORICAL
... biological control agents--many commercial suppliers - are they effective? i. if you bought 10,000 adult beetles and put them in your backyard garden to feed on aphids, you would find that over a period of days some number of aphids would be destroyed, but success would be limited. ii. this is likel ...
... biological control agents--many commercial suppliers - are they effective? i. if you bought 10,000 adult beetles and put them in your backyard garden to feed on aphids, you would find that over a period of days some number of aphids would be destroyed, but success would be limited. ii. this is likel ...
Brood parasite
Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among insects, fishes, and birds. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own.Brood parasitism relieves the parasitic parents from the investment of rearing young or building nests for the young, enabling them to spend more time on other activities such as foraging and producing further offspring. Bird parasite species mitigate the risk of egg loss by distributing eggs amongst a number of different hosts. As this behaviour damages the host, it often results in an evolutionary arms race between parasite and host.