Combating MultidrugResistant Bacteria: Current
... shown beyond doubt that these resistance mechanisms are at least 30 000 years old, but, in all likelihood, they are considerably older still. Bacteria are thought to have originated over 3.8 billion years ago and, based on the genetic divergence of antibacterial gene clusters, antibacterial-producin ...
... shown beyond doubt that these resistance mechanisms are at least 30 000 years old, but, in all likelihood, they are considerably older still. Bacteria are thought to have originated over 3.8 billion years ago and, based on the genetic divergence of antibacterial gene clusters, antibacterial-producin ...
Characterisation of the physical and chemical properties influencing
... Muricidae against 40 biofilm bacteria, all of which displayed antimicrobial activity against a ...
... Muricidae against 40 biofilm bacteria, all of which displayed antimicrobial activity against a ...
Introduction
... Penetrating ocular injuries are accompanied by infection at a much higher rate than occurs with surgery. In most series of the penetrating injuries, 3-17% eyes develop microbial endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis-associated isolates include a greater variety of organisms than those follo ...
... Penetrating ocular injuries are accompanied by infection at a much higher rate than occurs with surgery. In most series of the penetrating injuries, 3-17% eyes develop microbial endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis-associated isolates include a greater variety of organisms than those follo ...
Preparation, Standardization of Antibiotic Discs and Study of
... to which it was previously sensitive. Resistant organisms are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial medicines, so the standard treatments become ineffective and infection persists even after treatment. Antimicrobial resistance is the cause of the use, particularly misuse, of antimicrobial medici ...
... to which it was previously sensitive. Resistant organisms are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial medicines, so the standard treatments become ineffective and infection persists even after treatment. Antimicrobial resistance is the cause of the use, particularly misuse, of antimicrobial medici ...
What is SN PER® i
... Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2): o Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) is an extremely effective and powerful biocide that has been used for many years, exhibiting rapid kill over a wide range of organisms. o It does not form chlorinated molecules in the presence of organics and is efficacious over a wide pH range o Al ...
... Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2): o Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) is an extremely effective and powerful biocide that has been used for many years, exhibiting rapid kill over a wide range of organisms. o It does not form chlorinated molecules in the presence of organics and is efficacious over a wide pH range o Al ...
7 Chapter 7 General discussion: How do maggots operate?
... worm possesses complement-inhibiting properties to evade the human immune defense, although Anisakis simplex also excretes biochemical substances that harm the intestins.8 Therefore, the human immune system evolutionary developed (undefined) strategies against this parasitic infection resulting in d ...
... worm possesses complement-inhibiting properties to evade the human immune defense, although Anisakis simplex also excretes biochemical substances that harm the intestins.8 Therefore, the human immune system evolutionary developed (undefined) strategies against this parasitic infection resulting in d ...
Fate of the bacterial cell envelope component, lipopolysaccharide
... data that were acquired using this assay showed that a significant portion of LPS was present in a 0.3 m m size fraction in seawater or was liberated from intact bacterial cells in freshwater (Evans et al. 1978, Maeda and Taga 1979). These results are in line with that of a recent study reporting t ...
... data that were acquired using this assay showed that a significant portion of LPS was present in a 0.3 m m size fraction in seawater or was liberated from intact bacterial cells in freshwater (Evans et al. 1978, Maeda and Taga 1979). These results are in line with that of a recent study reporting t ...
Use of Germicides in the Home and the Healthcare Setting: Is There
... Neisseria gonorrhoea,18-21 multidrug-resistant Salmonella species,22-25 and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).26-28 Hospital-acquired pathogens of major concern include MRSA,29-31 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species,32-36 extended spectrum b-lactamase–p ...
... Neisseria gonorrhoea,18-21 multidrug-resistant Salmonella species,22-25 and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).26-28 Hospital-acquired pathogens of major concern include MRSA,29-31 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species,32-36 extended spectrum b-lactamase–p ...
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... microorganisms from the same species can differ in the antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface. Serotyping ...
... microorganisms from the same species can differ in the antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface. Serotyping ...
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... 4. The interaction of phage and bacterial polysaccharides Phage may carry on their surface enzymes that degrade bacterial polysaccharides. These enzymes are very speci¢c and seldom act on more than a few closely related polysaccharide structures [17,18]. Numerous phage have been isolated which induc ...
... 4. The interaction of phage and bacterial polysaccharides Phage may carry on their surface enzymes that degrade bacterial polysaccharides. These enzymes are very speci¢c and seldom act on more than a few closely related polysaccharide structures [17,18]. Numerous phage have been isolated which induc ...
Potential of Diagnostic Microbiology for Treatment
... species, since they can differentiate among sequences that vary by only one base. After hybridization, the reaction is quantified by comparison of the signals of the probe with standards of pure DNA of the target species. The level of detection is estimated between 102 and 103 cells, depending on th ...
... species, since they can differentiate among sequences that vary by only one base. After hybridization, the reaction is quantified by comparison of the signals of the probe with standards of pure DNA of the target species. The level of detection is estimated between 102 and 103 cells, depending on th ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... intensive process and the free energy (ΔG) required to form a spherical vesicle from a flat membrane is ΔG∼250–600 kBT (where kBT is the thermal energy), and this is considered a non-spontaneous biological process (Bloom et al. 1991). Bacteria must therefore have evolved strategies to reduce the ene ...
... intensive process and the free energy (ΔG) required to form a spherical vesicle from a flat membrane is ΔG∼250–600 kBT (where kBT is the thermal energy), and this is considered a non-spontaneous biological process (Bloom et al. 1991). Bacteria must therefore have evolved strategies to reduce the ene ...
Simple Organisms, Fungi, and Plants
... and all over the ground. Most of them are so small that they can only be seen with a high-powered microscope. Despite their tiny size, bacteria and viruses have a huge impact on the world around you. You’ll ...
... and all over the ground. Most of them are so small that they can only be seen with a high-powered microscope. Despite their tiny size, bacteria and viruses have a huge impact on the world around you. You’ll ...
Alleged Nanobacteria Exist and Participate in Calcification of Arterial
... aorta and aortic valve, although their main elimination route was excretion via kidneys into urine6. This study already pointed to the potential role that nanobacteria could have in atherosclerosis, heart valve calcification and kidney stone formation. Nanobacteria were present and actively involved ...
... aorta and aortic valve, although their main elimination route was excretion via kidneys into urine6. This study already pointed to the potential role that nanobacteria could have in atherosclerosis, heart valve calcification and kidney stone formation. Nanobacteria were present and actively involved ...
Full text in pdf format
... galactose, D(+)-mannose, 2’-fucosyl-D-lactose and Nacetylneuraminosyl-D-lactose. These sugars were chosen because they are present in mammalian mucus (Forstner 1995) as well as in carp mucus (Neuhaus et al. 2007a). In a first experiment, mucus fraction pools were incubated for 30 min with one of the ...
... galactose, D(+)-mannose, 2’-fucosyl-D-lactose and Nacetylneuraminosyl-D-lactose. These sugars were chosen because they are present in mammalian mucus (Forstner 1995) as well as in carp mucus (Neuhaus et al. 2007a). In a first experiment, mucus fraction pools were incubated for 30 min with one of the ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... detected. The overwhelming majority of phages of other bacterial species are absolutely incapable of bacterial lysis, trapping the phage progeny within the host cell, when the genes encoding lysins are deleted. Moreover, those rare mutants that bring about lysis depend only on phage-encoded factors. ...
... detected. The overwhelming majority of phages of other bacterial species are absolutely incapable of bacterial lysis, trapping the phage progeny within the host cell, when the genes encoding lysins are deleted. Moreover, those rare mutants that bring about lysis depend only on phage-encoded factors. ...
Antimicrobial activity of Ficus sycomorus L.
... strain is a worldwide phenomenon. So, many efforts have been done to enhance antibacterial effectiveness from sources such as plants that have become a necessity to overcome emergent of bacterial resistance in clinical practice. S. aureus began the development of penicillin-resistant strains not lon ...
... strain is a worldwide phenomenon. So, many efforts have been done to enhance antibacterial effectiveness from sources such as plants that have become a necessity to overcome emergent of bacterial resistance in clinical practice. S. aureus began the development of penicillin-resistant strains not lon ...
Counteracting the horizontal spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance
... benefit from having a deeper understanding of the eco-evolutionary factors affecting their spread and maintenance in bacterial communities and also from developing novel anti-conjugation therapeutic strategies, especially since the pipeline of new antibiotics has been virtually dry for decades. In t ...
... benefit from having a deeper understanding of the eco-evolutionary factors affecting their spread and maintenance in bacterial communities and also from developing novel anti-conjugation therapeutic strategies, especially since the pipeline of new antibiotics has been virtually dry for decades. In t ...
National Strategy against Antibiotic Resistance
... and in the natural environment. It provides guidance up to 2020 for joint efforts against antibiotic resistance, with concrete goals and action steps. 2 This is known as the One-Health approach. ...
... and in the natural environment. It provides guidance up to 2020 for joint efforts against antibiotic resistance, with concrete goals and action steps. 2 This is known as the One-Health approach. ...
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE PHOTOSENSITIZED
... photosensitized inactivation is dependent on a variety of experimental factors. However, the literature reveals that the influence of such factors has been determined in many diverse and isolated experiments which makes the over-all evaluation of the data difficult, I t was thought that, by studying ...
... photosensitized inactivation is dependent on a variety of experimental factors. However, the literature reveals that the influence of such factors has been determined in many diverse and isolated experiments which makes the over-all evaluation of the data difficult, I t was thought that, by studying ...
Characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Piglets
... based upon the species description in the Bergey’s Manual (Kandler and Weiss, 1986). Utilization of carbohydrates by lactic acid bacteria was assayed using API kit (API 50 CHL, bioMėrieux, France), and the results were analyzed using the APILAB Plus software (Ver. 3.3.3; bioMėrieux, France). Charact ...
... based upon the species description in the Bergey’s Manual (Kandler and Weiss, 1986). Utilization of carbohydrates by lactic acid bacteria was assayed using API kit (API 50 CHL, bioMėrieux, France), and the results were analyzed using the APILAB Plus software (Ver. 3.3.3; bioMėrieux, France). Charact ...
Bacteria - Calf Scours Treatment
... appendages, slightly larger than fimbriae, that can transfer genetic material between bacterial cells in a process called conjugation (see bacterial genetics, below).[76] ...
... appendages, slightly larger than fimbriae, that can transfer genetic material between bacterial cells in a process called conjugation (see bacterial genetics, below).[76] ...
A review and proposals for their investigation
... Plaque is an abnormal, thick biofilm that mainly consists of an organic matrix of salivary mucins (mucopolysaccharides, the major glycoprotein components of mucus) and extracellular polysaccharide polymers with attached micro-organisms (Soames and Southam, 2005). As the plaque biofilm matures, its m ...
... Plaque is an abnormal, thick biofilm that mainly consists of an organic matrix of salivary mucins (mucopolysaccharides, the major glycoprotein components of mucus) and extracellular polysaccharide polymers with attached micro-organisms (Soames and Southam, 2005). As the plaque biofilm matures, its m ...
Molecular Microbiology
... leguminosarum bv. viciae to pea root hair tips: (I) a proteinaceous bacterial adhesin, called rhicadhesin, (ii) bacterial cellulose fibrils, and (iii) pea lectin (see below). Carbon limitation of R. leguminosarum bv. vioiae results in a non-host-specific attachment mechanism in which neither host pl ...
... leguminosarum bv. viciae to pea root hair tips: (I) a proteinaceous bacterial adhesin, called rhicadhesin, (ii) bacterial cellulose fibrils, and (iii) pea lectin (see below). Carbon limitation of R. leguminosarum bv. vioiae results in a non-host-specific attachment mechanism in which neither host pl ...
current version of the matrix
... bacterial populations. The authors suggest that this may imply each wound type has a distinct pathophysiology that affects the ecology of the wound environment determiging which bacteria can develop. Results were compared with those from traditional culture-based analyses. In only one wound type did ...
... bacterial populations. The authors suggest that this may imply each wound type has a distinct pathophysiology that affects the ecology of the wound environment determiging which bacteria can develop. Results were compared with those from traditional culture-based analyses. In only one wound type did ...
Biofilm
A biofilm is any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other on a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm extracellular polymeric substance, which is also referred to as slime (although not everything described as slime is a biofilm), is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium.Microbes form a biofilm in response to many factors, which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. When a cell switches to the biofilm mode of growth, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated.