Why Was the 1918 Influenza So Deadly?
... NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE compromising the host’s ability to produce an adequate immune response to the virus. The highly pathogenic Hong Kong 1997 H5N1 strain of influenza has an altered version of this gene, formed by a single point mutation (Conenello et al., 2007). An i ...
... NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE compromising the host’s ability to produce an adequate immune response to the virus. The highly pathogenic Hong Kong 1997 H5N1 strain of influenza has an altered version of this gene, formed by a single point mutation (Conenello et al., 2007). An i ...
Wednesday, August 26/09
... • Influenza activity in Ontario similar compared to previous week. • Ontario health units reported 22 new confirmed cases of influenza through iPHIS, including 14 laboratory confirmed cases of pH1N1 • During week 32, new laboratory confirmed cases of pH1N1 continued to be seen across the province, w ...
... • Influenza activity in Ontario similar compared to previous week. • Ontario health units reported 22 new confirmed cases of influenza through iPHIS, including 14 laboratory confirmed cases of pH1N1 • During week 32, new laboratory confirmed cases of pH1N1 continued to be seen across the province, w ...
Learning from the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
... pandemic would benefit from an early assessment of likely severity and alerts issued earlier in the process. Case counts began to diminish in the northern hemisphere during the summer months, but the WHO and other health organizations were concerned about a resurgence of the virus in the fall, fuele ...
... pandemic would benefit from an early assessment of likely severity and alerts issued earlier in the process. Case counts began to diminish in the northern hemisphere during the summer months, but the WHO and other health organizations were concerned about a resurgence of the virus in the fall, fuele ...
National Communicable Disease Emergencies
... WHO Global Agenda, May 2002 To expand the existing laboratory surveillance network and increase disease surveillance for influenza control and pandemic preparedness. Health Canada ...
... WHO Global Agenda, May 2002 To expand the existing laboratory surveillance network and increase disease surveillance for influenza control and pandemic preparedness. Health Canada ...
Pandemic
... Rapid containment guideline can also be used to help countries take action to stop the spread of the disease from the first national cases – even when the global rapid containment may no longer be feasible ...
... Rapid containment guideline can also be used to help countries take action to stop the spread of the disease from the first national cases – even when the global rapid containment may no longer be feasible ...
Dual Threat: The Spanish Influenza and World War I
... The Science Behind the Flu The Spanish Influenza puzzled scientists and doctors in 1918; however, much has been discovered about it since. In 1931, scientists found that influenza is caused by a virus and not a type of bacteria like they thought in 1918. Viruses have their own genome that can mutate ...
... The Science Behind the Flu The Spanish Influenza puzzled scientists and doctors in 1918; however, much has been discovered about it since. In 1931, scientists found that influenza is caused by a virus and not a type of bacteria like they thought in 1918. Viruses have their own genome that can mutate ...
Outbreaks of influenza A in nursing homes in
... pneumoniae, influenza A and B, respiratory syncitial virus, chlamydia, Coxiella burnetii and legionella. The outbreak control team recommended a range of measures to limit further spread. All local GPs who were not already aware of the situation were informed about the outbreak. The home managers we ...
... pneumoniae, influenza A and B, respiratory syncitial virus, chlamydia, Coxiella burnetii and legionella. The outbreak control team recommended a range of measures to limit further spread. All local GPs who were not already aware of the situation were informed about the outbreak. The home managers we ...
Prior Planning Prevents Pandemic Pandemonium
... to have begun when sick farm animals infected soldiers in Kansas, spreading and mutating into a lethal strain as troops carried it to Europe, it exploded across the world with unequaled ferocity and speed. It killed more people in twenty weeks than AIDS has killed in twenty years; it killed more peo ...
... to have begun when sick farm animals infected soldiers in Kansas, spreading and mutating into a lethal strain as troops carried it to Europe, it exploded across the world with unequaled ferocity and speed. It killed more people in twenty weeks than AIDS has killed in twenty years; it killed more peo ...
Social distancing evidence summary
... affected may reduce the risk of acquisition of severe influenza symptoms among employees by about 30%.34 Direct costs of working from home are likely to be moderate or variable,9 but this has not been studied well. These costs could result from instituting sick leave policies, maintaining business c ...
... affected may reduce the risk of acquisition of severe influenza symptoms among employees by about 30%.34 Direct costs of working from home are likely to be moderate or variable,9 but this has not been studied well. These costs could result from instituting sick leave policies, maintaining business c ...
$doc.title
... In April 2009, a novel influenza virus began to spread around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to the virus as Influenza A(H1N1). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other Administration officials refer to it as 2009 H1N1 flu. Throughout this report, th ...
... In April 2009, a novel influenza virus began to spread around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to the virus as Influenza A(H1N1). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other Administration officials refer to it as 2009 H1N1 flu. Throughout this report, th ...
Border measures evidence summary
... detect infected passengers arriving from or departing to affected areas. Although entry and exit screening are similar, exit screening has a higher reported effectiveness, which seems to be related to the reduced numbers of infected passengers on board the aircraft and consequent decreased transmiss ...
... detect infected passengers arriving from or departing to affected areas. Although entry and exit screening are similar, exit screening has a higher reported effectiveness, which seems to be related to the reduced numbers of infected passengers on board the aircraft and consequent decreased transmiss ...
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian
... be classified into low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) forms based on the severity of the diseases they cause. Most AI virus strains are LPIA and typically cause little or no clinical signs in infected poultry. However, some LPAI virus strain are capable of mutating under field condit ...
... be classified into low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) forms based on the severity of the diseases they cause. Most AI virus strains are LPIA and typically cause little or no clinical signs in infected poultry. However, some LPAI virus strain are capable of mutating under field condit ...
Influenza Pandemic Readiness and Response Plan (Draft)
... days for the majority of persons, although cough and malaise can persist for more than 2 weeks. Among certain persons, influenza can exacerbate underlying medical conditions (e.g. pulmonary or cardiac disease), lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia or primary influenza viral pneumonia, or occur as p ...
... days for the majority of persons, although cough and malaise can persist for more than 2 weeks. Among certain persons, influenza can exacerbate underlying medical conditions (e.g. pulmonary or cardiac disease), lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia or primary influenza viral pneumonia, or occur as p ...
PPT - Institute for Mathematical Sciences
... “Two recent papers have used estimates of the basic reproductive number much higher than those reported here, up to 20 (ref. 25) or 21 (ref. 26). We have endeavoured to understand the reasons for this major divergence in estimates. This effort has been hampered by ambiguities in the original reports ...
... “Two recent papers have used estimates of the basic reproductive number much higher than those reported here, up to 20 (ref. 25) or 21 (ref. 26). We have endeavoured to understand the reasons for this major divergence in estimates. This effort has been hampered by ambiguities in the original reports ...
The role of animal reservoirs in social– environmental landscapes
... Peru. Despite the great impact of the Spanish flu, little is known about the epidemiology of this pandemic (20). It is presumed that at least 50 million people died, in most cases from pneumonia resulting from a secondary bacterial infection. The symptoms were so unusual that it was first confused w ...
... Peru. Despite the great impact of the Spanish flu, little is known about the epidemiology of this pandemic (20). It is presumed that at least 50 million people died, in most cases from pneumonia resulting from a secondary bacterial infection. The symptoms were so unusual that it was first confused w ...
infectious disease outbreak preparedness
... As events of recent years have shown, it is difficult to predict when a pandemic or other threat of a widespread infectious disease outbreak will occur. The best strategy for any healthcare facility is to be prepared by stockpiling critical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to ensure an adequate ...
... As events of recent years have shown, it is difficult to predict when a pandemic or other threat of a widespread infectious disease outbreak will occur. The best strategy for any healthcare facility is to be prepared by stockpiling critical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to ensure an adequate ...
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Vol. 16, No. 4 • April 2010
... Rapid, large-scale risk-based entry screening of air travelers for ILI that used questionnaires and health assessments was conducted successfully at 2 airports for 177 flights. Seventy-five percent of passengers who provided contact details were followed up, but few of those with symptoms were prep ...
... Rapid, large-scale risk-based entry screening of air travelers for ILI that used questionnaires and health assessments was conducted successfully at 2 airports for 177 flights. Seventy-five percent of passengers who provided contact details were followed up, but few of those with symptoms were prep ...
2010-2011 DSHS Flu Report Week 15
... influenza. One specimen was positive for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and one specimen was positive for influenza B by viral culture or PCR testing; the remaining positive results were obtained by antigen detection test. The percentage of visits for influenza-like illness as reported by ILINet providers ...
... influenza. One specimen was positive for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and one specimen was positive for influenza B by viral culture or PCR testing; the remaining positive results were obtained by antigen detection test. The percentage of visits for influenza-like illness as reported by ILINet providers ...
Influenza factsheet - UNSW Health Service
... People at higher risk of influenza complications (see “Who is at risk”) are strongly recommended to have an annual influenza vaccination, and are eligible for free influenza vaccine under the National Influenza Vaccination Program. For more information see the NSW Health Immunisation website at: www ...
... People at higher risk of influenza complications (see “Who is at risk”) are strongly recommended to have an annual influenza vaccination, and are eligible for free influenza vaccine under the National Influenza Vaccination Program. For more information see the NSW Health Immunisation website at: www ...
Communicable Diseases of a Pandemic Nature
... All pandemic illness cases will be reported to the Executive Director by use of the Attachment (1) form. This reporting is required due to the passing of a law in 2008 by the General Assembly (Section 32.1-37) which requires licensed providers to report outbreaks of infectious diseases to local Heal ...
... All pandemic illness cases will be reported to the Executive Director by use of the Attachment (1) form. This reporting is required due to the passing of a law in 2008 by the General Assembly (Section 32.1-37) which requires licensed providers to report outbreaks of infectious diseases to local Heal ...
Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) - National Centre for Disease Control
... who would be in close contact with each other in such a gathering. It should be made mandatory by the school authorities that all class teachers should begin their class with active screening of each student in the class so as to detect any student who is having symptoms of flu (mild fever with coug ...
... who would be in close contact with each other in such a gathering. It should be made mandatory by the school authorities that all class teachers should begin their class with active screening of each student in the class so as to detect any student who is having symptoms of flu (mild fever with coug ...
Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Wildlife
... Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are found naturally in waterfowl and other wild bird species. There are 144 known subtypes of AIV but few of these subtypes cause serious diseases in birds. However, mutation of the virus can lead to infection of new wildlife species, domestic livestock (primarily poult ...
... Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are found naturally in waterfowl and other wild bird species. There are 144 known subtypes of AIV but few of these subtypes cause serious diseases in birds. However, mutation of the virus can lead to infection of new wildlife species, domestic livestock (primarily poult ...
Epidemiological, Demographic, and Molecular Characteristics of
... the 19,973 clinical specimens analyzed in Turkey up un til the end of the 48th week of 2009. The overall rate of laboratoryconfirmed cases was 47.36z. Up to the 42nd week of 2009, pandemic influenza cases were reported rarely and from a limited number of provinces; mainly in the two biggest cities ...
... the 19,973 clinical specimens analyzed in Turkey up un til the end of the 48th week of 2009. The overall rate of laboratoryconfirmed cases was 47.36z. Up to the 42nd week of 2009, pandemic influenza cases were reported rarely and from a limited number of provinces; mainly in the two biggest cities ...
Influenza Pandemics of the 20th Century
... were noted. In Japan, epidemics were small, scattered, and desultory until the end of 1968. Most striking was the high illness and death rates in the United States following introduction of the virus on the West Coast. This experience stood in contrast with the experience in western Europe, includin ...
... were noted. In Japan, epidemics were small, scattered, and desultory until the end of 1968. Most striking was the high illness and death rates in the United States following introduction of the virus on the West Coast. This experience stood in contrast with the experience in western Europe, includin ...
Genetic Strategy to Prevent Influenza Virus Infections in Animals
... The development and distribution of influenza-resistant poultry for the control of influenza in both poultry and human populations will be likely to face significant technical, logistical, and social challenges. First, technologies for producing influenza-resistant poultry have not been demonstrated ...
... The development and distribution of influenza-resistant poultry for the control of influenza in both poultry and human populations will be likely to face significant technical, logistical, and social challenges. First, technologies for producing influenza-resistant poultry have not been demonstrated ...
Influenza pandemic
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the human population. In contrast to the regular seasonal epidemics of influenza, these pandemics occur irregularly, with the 1918 Spanish flu the most serious pandemic in recorded history. Pandemics can cause high levels of mortality, with the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic estimated as being responsible for the deaths of approximately 50-100 million people. There have been about three influenza pandemics in each century for the last 300 years, the most recent one being the 2009 flu pandemic.Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to humans from another animal species. Species that are thought to be important in the emergence of new human strains are pigs, chickens and ducks. These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. Influenza A viruses can occasionally be transmitted from wild birds to other species causing outbreaks in domestic poultry and may give rise to human influenza pandemics. The propagation of influenza viruses throughout the world is thought in part to be by bird migrations, though commercial shipments of live bird products might also be implicated, as well as human travel patterns.The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced a six-stage classification that describes the process by which a novel influenza virus moves from the first few infections in humans through to a pandemic. This starts with the virus mostly infecting animals, with a few cases where animals infect people, then moves through the stage where the virus begins to spread directly between people, and ends with a pandemic when infections from the new virus have spread worldwide.One strain of virus that may produce a pandemic in the future is a highly pathogenic variation of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus. On 11 June 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a global pandemic (Stage 6) by the WHO after evidence of spreading in the southern hemisphere. The 13 November 2009 worldwide update by the WHO stated that ""[a]s of 8 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported [503,536] laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6,250 deaths.""