Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its
... same temperature (within + 0.2oC) If the temperatures are not the same adjust the temperature of the NaOH by running warm or cold tap water over the cylinder. Place the calorimeter on the stir plate. Start the stirrer and add the NaOH to the HCl solution. The temperature will quickly rise and then l ...
... same temperature (within + 0.2oC) If the temperatures are not the same adjust the temperature of the NaOH by running warm or cold tap water over the cylinder. Place the calorimeter on the stir plate. Start the stirrer and add the NaOH to the HCl solution. The temperature will quickly rise and then l ...
17.1
... listed below can be used to convert between the two units used to measure heat transfer? a) 1 g = 1ºC b) 1 cal = 4.184 J c) 1ºC = 1 cal d) 1 g = 4.184 J ...
... listed below can be used to convert between the two units used to measure heat transfer? a) 1 g = 1ºC b) 1 cal = 4.184 J c) 1ºC = 1 cal d) 1 g = 4.184 J ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... specific P-T combination at which the phases can be present simultaneously. Thus, at this point there are no degrees of freedom. ...
... specific P-T combination at which the phases can be present simultaneously. Thus, at this point there are no degrees of freedom. ...
Document
... The initial state is 1 mol of either ethane or ethanol and enough oxygen to complete the combustion. Because ∆Hf°[O2(g)] = 0, the enthalpy of the initial state is simply the standard enthalpy of formation of 1 mol of ethane in one case and 1 mol of ethanol in the other. The combustion reaction that ...
... The initial state is 1 mol of either ethane or ethanol and enough oxygen to complete the combustion. Because ∆Hf°[O2(g)] = 0, the enthalpy of the initial state is simply the standard enthalpy of formation of 1 mol of ethane in one case and 1 mol of ethanol in the other. The combustion reaction that ...
Ch 17--Thermochemistry(first class)
... 17.2: Enthalpy (measuring heat flow) Two types of calorimeters: a) Constant-Pressure calorimeter (eg. foam cups) • As most reactions occur at constant pressure we can say that: A change in enthalpy (ΔH) = heat supplied (q) • So, a release of heat (exothermic) corresponds to a decrease in enthalpy ( ...
... 17.2: Enthalpy (measuring heat flow) Two types of calorimeters: a) Constant-Pressure calorimeter (eg. foam cups) • As most reactions occur at constant pressure we can say that: A change in enthalpy (ΔH) = heat supplied (q) • So, a release of heat (exothermic) corresponds to a decrease in enthalpy ( ...
Sample Chem 111 Final
... 40. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from 100 ºC to 500 ºC. Which of the following responses best describes what will happen to the pressure of the gas? a) The pressure will decrease by a factor of five. b) The pressure will increase by a factor of five. c) The pressure will incre ...
... 40. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from 100 ºC to 500 ºC. Which of the following responses best describes what will happen to the pressure of the gas? a) The pressure will decrease by a factor of five. b) The pressure will increase by a factor of five. c) The pressure will incre ...
The Development of a Carbon Dioxide Fluoromethane Azeotropic
... ammonia possesses certain characteristics that are less than ideal for blast freezing applications. In particular, the normal boiling point (NBP) of R-717 is -33°C, so lower temperatures result in subatmospheric pressures and the risk of ingress of air and moisture into the system, which is detrimen ...
... ammonia possesses certain characteristics that are less than ideal for blast freezing applications. In particular, the normal boiling point (NBP) of R-717 is -33°C, so lower temperatures result in subatmospheric pressures and the risk of ingress of air and moisture into the system, which is detrimen ...
Chapter 11 Homework
... heat is given off when a substance freezes (heat of solidification) or condenses (heat of condensation). how to calculate total heat changes following a heating or cooling curve. Honors: how to calculate heat of reaction using standard enthalpy of formation (Hfo). ...
... heat is given off when a substance freezes (heat of solidification) or condenses (heat of condensation). how to calculate total heat changes following a heating or cooling curve. Honors: how to calculate heat of reaction using standard enthalpy of formation (Hfo). ...
Course Pack3 Phase Diagrams
... ∆Hsoln is (+) for NaCl in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for Na2SO4 in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for O2 in H2O Consider the case that ∆Hmix is negative: since ∆Smix is positive then ∆Gsoln will have to be negative and the reaction happens. Now consider the case that ∆Hmix is positive: in this case the spontaneity of the ...
... ∆Hsoln is (+) for NaCl in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for Na2SO4 in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for O2 in H2O Consider the case that ∆Hmix is negative: since ∆Smix is positive then ∆Gsoln will have to be negative and the reaction happens. Now consider the case that ∆Hmix is positive: in this case the spontaneity of the ...
Module 3 Questions
... initial mass of butane: 7.25 g initial temperature of the water: 25.0oC final mass of butane: 1.25 g final temperature of the water: 60.7oC volume of water in calorimeter: 2.00 L A) 298 kJ/mol B) 289 kJ/mol ...
... initial mass of butane: 7.25 g initial temperature of the water: 25.0oC final mass of butane: 1.25 g final temperature of the water: 60.7oC volume of water in calorimeter: 2.00 L A) 298 kJ/mol B) 289 kJ/mol ...
Observation
... The plasma membrane consists of two phospholipids layers contain protein . Alcohol is an organic solvent which effect on the phospholipid layer (fats) this cause ...
... The plasma membrane consists of two phospholipids layers contain protein . Alcohol is an organic solvent which effect on the phospholipid layer (fats) this cause ...
Vacuum Evaporation
... Since these surfaces are at much lower temperatures, the molecules will transfer their energy to the substrate, lower their temperature and condense. Since the vapor pressure at the new temperature is much higher, they will not reevaporate and adhere to the substrate. The deposition thickness is a f ...
... Since these surfaces are at much lower temperatures, the molecules will transfer their energy to the substrate, lower their temperature and condense. Since the vapor pressure at the new temperature is much higher, they will not reevaporate and adhere to the substrate. The deposition thickness is a f ...
Determine the Molecular Mass of a Compound
... The molecular mass (grams per mole) of a compound is one of the most important variables needed to identify and characterize a chemical. The molecular mass of an unknown compound allows a chemist to determine the molecular formula of the compound. The molecular formula can then be used to determine ...
... The molecular mass (grams per mole) of a compound is one of the most important variables needed to identify and characterize a chemical. The molecular mass of an unknown compound allows a chemist to determine the molecular formula of the compound. The molecular formula can then be used to determine ...
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
... The compound water with nothing dissolved in it is a pure substance. Air is a mixture of elemental gases and compounds, predominantly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Drinking water is a mixture containing calcium ion (Ca 2+, hydrogen carbonate ion, (bicarbonate, HCO3-), nit ...
... The compound water with nothing dissolved in it is a pure substance. Air is a mixture of elemental gases and compounds, predominantly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Drinking water is a mixture containing calcium ion (Ca 2+, hydrogen carbonate ion, (bicarbonate, HCO3-), nit ...
Answers to Homework Problem Sheet 8
... ΔH = {2 × [Δ atomH (C2H6)] + 7 × [Δ atomH (O2)] } - {4 × [Δ atomH (CO2)] + 6 × Δ atomH (H2O)] } = {2 × [346 (C-C) + 6 × 414 (C-H)] + 7 × [498 (O=O)] } - {4 × [2 × 804 (C=O)] + 6 × [2 × 463)] } kJ mol-1 = -2842 kJ mol-1 This is for the combustion of two moles of C2H6 so the heat of combustion for one ...
... ΔH = {2 × [Δ atomH (C2H6)] + 7 × [Δ atomH (O2)] } - {4 × [Δ atomH (CO2)] + 6 × Δ atomH (H2O)] } = {2 × [346 (C-C) + 6 × 414 (C-H)] + 7 × [498 (O=O)] } - {4 × [2 × 804 (C=O)] + 6 × [2 × 463)] } kJ mol-1 = -2842 kJ mol-1 This is for the combustion of two moles of C2H6 so the heat of combustion for one ...
Chapter 11
... Potential Energy: A State Function • Depends only on the present state of the system - not how it arrived there. It is independent of pathway. ...
... Potential Energy: A State Function • Depends only on the present state of the system - not how it arrived there. It is independent of pathway. ...
Chemistry Final Exam Review
... 157,700J The Gas Laws Good things to know: • Kinetic Theory of Gases • directly proportional, inversely proportional • 5 assumptions for Ideal Gases - conditions in which ideal behavior is not exhibited • Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Problems: 1. If you have 35.0 mL of a gas in a closed c ...
... 157,700J The Gas Laws Good things to know: • Kinetic Theory of Gases • directly proportional, inversely proportional • 5 assumptions for Ideal Gases - conditions in which ideal behavior is not exhibited • Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Problems: 1. If you have 35.0 mL of a gas in a closed c ...
Heat Capacity (C)
... Heat transfer occurs when two objects at a different temperature come in contact. The flow of heat will continue until both objects reach the same temperature, this is known as “thermal equilibrium”. Two types of heat flow can be defined: Endothermic Process: Heat flows from the surroundings to the ...
... Heat transfer occurs when two objects at a different temperature come in contact. The flow of heat will continue until both objects reach the same temperature, this is known as “thermal equilibrium”. Two types of heat flow can be defined: Endothermic Process: Heat flows from the surroundings to the ...
AP Chapter 6 Review
... 46. ______ energy is often referred to as the energy of motion. Examples of this type of energy include thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. 47. A form of potential energy that is associated with an object's height is known as ________ potential energy. 48. A system is defined as the object ...
... 46. ______ energy is often referred to as the energy of motion. Examples of this type of energy include thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. 47. A form of potential energy that is associated with an object's height is known as ________ potential energy. 48. A system is defined as the object ...
Chapter 8 Thermochemistry
... 1. The magnitude of ΔH is directly proportional to the amount of reactant or product 2. ΔH for the reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign for ΔH for the reverse of the reaction 3. The value of ΔH is the same whether the reaction occurs in one step or as a series of steps This rule is a ...
... 1. The magnitude of ΔH is directly proportional to the amount of reactant or product 2. ΔH for the reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign for ΔH for the reverse of the reaction 3. The value of ΔH is the same whether the reaction occurs in one step or as a series of steps This rule is a ...
CHEM 101 Final (Term 151)
... 28. A gas mixture contains 33% O2, 60% N2, and 7.0% He, as volume percent. The total number of atoms of all types of gases present in 5.0 L of this mixture at STP is: A) 2.6 x 1023 atoms B) 1.3 x 1023 atoms C) 6.7 x 1022 atoms D) 1.6 x 1023 atoms E) 3.2 x 1023 atoms ...
... 28. A gas mixture contains 33% O2, 60% N2, and 7.0% He, as volume percent. The total number of atoms of all types of gases present in 5.0 L of this mixture at STP is: A) 2.6 x 1023 atoms B) 1.3 x 1023 atoms C) 6.7 x 1022 atoms D) 1.6 x 1023 atoms E) 3.2 x 1023 atoms ...
Chapter One
... a.) All numbers must have the same power or ten before addition or subtraction is performed. b.) Once the powers of ten are the same, the coefficients can then be added or subtracted while the power of ten remains the same. c.) After adding or subtracting the coefficients, the answer must have the s ...
... a.) All numbers must have the same power or ten before addition or subtraction is performed. b.) Once the powers of ten are the same, the coefficients can then be added or subtracted while the power of ten remains the same. c.) After adding or subtracting the coefficients, the answer must have the s ...
Metathesis Problems (and Some Solutions) Identified Through
... molecules to pass but large solute molecules cannot • Osmosis: flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane • π = MRT (M = molar conc., R = gas constant, T = absolute temperature) • Reverse osmosis: apply greater pressure to more co ...
... molecules to pass but large solute molecules cannot • Osmosis: flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane • π = MRT (M = molar conc., R = gas constant, T = absolute temperature) • Reverse osmosis: apply greater pressure to more co ...
Second Year Chemistry
... Ethanol is brought to the boil at 1 atm. When the electric current of 0.682 A from a 12.0 V supply is passed for 500 s through a heating coil immersed in the boiling liquid, it is found that the temperature remains constant but 4.33 g of ethanol is vapourised. What is the enthalpy of vapourisation ...
... Ethanol is brought to the boil at 1 atm. When the electric current of 0.682 A from a 12.0 V supply is passed for 500 s through a heating coil immersed in the boiling liquid, it is found that the temperature remains constant but 4.33 g of ethanol is vapourised. What is the enthalpy of vapourisation ...
Membrane distillation
Membrane distillation is a thermally driven separational programm in which separation is enabled due to phase change. A hydrophobic membrane displays a barrier for the liquid phase, allowing the vapour phase (e.g. water vapour) pass through the membrane's pores. The driving force of the process is given by a partial vapour pressure difference commonly triggered by a temperature difference.