The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance
... disciplines, were written by working scientists, who took it for granted that the intellectual impetus for scientific change came from within the field itself ("internal" influences). Later on, when the history of science became more professionalized and historians and sociologists began to analyze ...
... disciplines, were written by working scientists, who took it for granted that the intellectual impetus for scientific change came from within the field itself ("internal" influences). Later on, when the history of science became more professionalized and historians and sociologists began to analyze ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... attention, not just by me but by the scholarly world in general, and hence geneDarwinism had become a major pest to our intellectual ecology. Although in this last decade the “selfish gene” idea has increasingly had to share the spotlight with other tendencies in biology and even in behavioural econ ...
... attention, not just by me but by the scholarly world in general, and hence geneDarwinism had become a major pest to our intellectual ecology. Although in this last decade the “selfish gene” idea has increasingly had to share the spotlight with other tendencies in biology and even in behavioural econ ...
Evolution ____ 1. Nikki and Jon were studying a type of bird called
... What information best completes the table? a. autotrophic, no, unicellular c. heterotrophic, no, unicellular b. autotrophic, yes, multicellular d. heterotrophic, yes, multicellular The fossil record supports which of the following descriptions of the evolution of life on Earth? a. Life first appeare ...
... What information best completes the table? a. autotrophic, no, unicellular c. heterotrophic, no, unicellular b. autotrophic, yes, multicellular d. heterotrophic, yes, multicellular The fossil record supports which of the following descriptions of the evolution of life on Earth? a. Life first appeare ...
Complementation, Genetic Conflict, and the
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to - Philsci
... offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and offspring associated with a parent-offspring resemblance (Godfrey-Smith [2009], 24). One pr ...
... offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and offspring associated with a parent-offspring resemblance (Godfrey-Smith [2009], 24). One pr ...
Complementation, genetic conflict, and the evolution of sex
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
“History of Evolutionary Thought” Game Cards: 3 pts. Darwin
... intense, such that the members of a population must divide the niche and its resources among themselves. 5 pts. Name the type of selection that occurs most often in unchanging conditions 5 pts. Name the term that describes the physical differences between two sexes. 5 pts. What type of characteristi ...
... intense, such that the members of a population must divide the niche and its resources among themselves. 5 pts. Name the type of selection that occurs most often in unchanging conditions 5 pts. Name the term that describes the physical differences between two sexes. 5 pts. What type of characteristi ...
JANUARY 10-14, 2016 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE CENTER
... and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through her extensive studies of sexual selection and behavior in crickets and other organisms, her grou ...
... and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through her extensive studies of sexual selection and behavior in crickets and other organisms, her grou ...
Reconceptualising Evolution by Natural Selection
... theoretical ambiguities and difficulties. Some of these have been pointed out numerous times; others have hardly been noticed. One aim of this work is to unpack these difficulties and ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conce ...
... theoretical ambiguities and difficulties. Some of these have been pointed out numerous times; others have hardly been noticed. One aim of this work is to unpack these difficulties and ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conce ...
Meta-analysis of phenotypic selection on flowering phenology
... flowering phenology with both ordinary and phylogenetic metaanalysis, in relation to ecological and life-history traits which previous work has suggested will affect the incidence and strength of phenotypic selection among taxa. We focused our analysis on two specific phenological traits that select ...
... flowering phenology with both ordinary and phylogenetic metaanalysis, in relation to ecological and life-history traits which previous work has suggested will affect the incidence and strength of phenotypic selection among taxa. We focused our analysis on two specific phenological traits that select ...
Evolutionism : present approaches
... Thus, evolution has in this context a positive character, insofar as it is assumed that the concept of “progress” includes an improvement related to the results or outcomes. 10 In addition, it can be assumed that this initial evolutionism involves the idea of transition at the level of complexity, b ...
... Thus, evolution has in this context a positive character, insofar as it is assumed that the concept of “progress” includes an improvement related to the results or outcomes. 10 In addition, it can be assumed that this initial evolutionism involves the idea of transition at the level of complexity, b ...
theodosius dobzhansky - National Academy of Sciences
... selection. Considerably revised editions of this book were published in 1941 and 1951. Genetics of the Evolutionary ...
... selection. Considerably revised editions of this book were published in 1941 and 1951. Genetics of the Evolutionary ...
Richardson and Chipman 2003
... that they have evolved moveable abdominal lobes, at least twice independently, in response to sexual selection. Such lobes are rare or absent in other dipterans. He concluded that the absence of such lobes in most Diptera is due to lack of selection, not constraint. However, Wagner and Müller (2002 ...
... that they have evolved moveable abdominal lobes, at least twice independently, in response to sexual selection. Such lobes are rare or absent in other dipterans. He concluded that the absence of such lobes in most Diptera is due to lack of selection, not constraint. However, Wagner and Müller (2002 ...
TURING MACHINES AND EVOLUTION. A CRITIQUE OF GREGORY
... 1.3. What is the aim of metabiology? The answer is: to create a general mathematical model of the processes of evolution, i.e. to construct the simplest possible formal system able to express key concepts and mechanisms of the Darwinian evolution. (Chaitin 2010) Metabiology is meant to be such a sys ...
... 1.3. What is the aim of metabiology? The answer is: to create a general mathematical model of the processes of evolution, i.e. to construct the simplest possible formal system able to express key concepts and mechanisms of the Darwinian evolution. (Chaitin 2010) Metabiology is meant to be such a sys ...
SimBio Virtual Labs® EvoBeaker®: Finches and Evolution
... Gradually, the Galapagos finches evolved into distinct populations, then species, adapted to a diversity of lifestyles. One species eats cactus flowers, another eats leaves, and a third pecks the wings and tails of boobies and drinks their blood. Two use twigs or cactus spines to pry insect larvae f ...
... Gradually, the Galapagos finches evolved into distinct populations, then species, adapted to a diversity of lifestyles. One species eats cactus flowers, another eats leaves, and a third pecks the wings and tails of boobies and drinks their blood. Two use twigs or cactus spines to pry insect larvae f ...
- Wiley Online Library
... habitat that was free of the parental species. This was a significant contribution because ecological factors play an important role in current models of hybrid speciation (e.g. Templeton, 1981). In the early 20th century, three key discoveries laid the foundation of modern evolutionary studies of h ...
... habitat that was free of the parental species. This was a significant contribution because ecological factors play an important role in current models of hybrid speciation (e.g. Templeton, 1981). In the early 20th century, three key discoveries laid the foundation of modern evolutionary studies of h ...
Divergent Evolution through Cumulative Segregation.
... IN my study of Sandwich-Island terrestrial mollusks my attention was early arrested by the fact that wide diversity of allied species occurs within the limits of a single island, and in districts which present essentially the same environment. As my observations extended, I became more and more impr ...
... IN my study of Sandwich-Island terrestrial mollusks my attention was early arrested by the fact that wide diversity of allied species occurs within the limits of a single island, and in districts which present essentially the same environment. As my observations extended, I became more and more impr ...
Rapid evolution of adaptive niche construction
... repeatably suggests that it may play a more important role in evolution than generally thought. KEY WORDS: ...
... repeatably suggests that it may play a more important role in evolution than generally thought. KEY WORDS: ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Further, females from a rarer or smaller population size species are expected to experience greater effective cost of hybridization than females from the more common species because the rarer females should encounter more heterotypic mating attempts by foreign males. As a result of these two assumpt ...
... Further, females from a rarer or smaller population size species are expected to experience greater effective cost of hybridization than females from the more common species because the rarer females should encounter more heterotypic mating attempts by foreign males. As a result of these two assumpt ...
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The
... A key driver of frequency-dependent fitness is intraspecific competition (Milinski and Parker 1991). Indeed, theory suggests that intraspecific competition can generate disruptive selection (Rosenzweig 1978; Wilson and Turelli 1986; Day and Young 2004; Rueffler et al. 2006). In a population that exp ...
... A key driver of frequency-dependent fitness is intraspecific competition (Milinski and Parker 1991). Indeed, theory suggests that intraspecific competition can generate disruptive selection (Rosenzweig 1978; Wilson and Turelli 1986; Day and Young 2004; Rueffler et al. 2006). In a population that exp ...
Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits
... sophisticated setal pattern was extraordinary stable in the examined 106 populations. Evolution of the phallic structure was examined by recording simplifications in paramere and modifications on the head of the aedeagus. Phenotypic plasticity increases, the interrelated processes of canalization, d ...
... sophisticated setal pattern was extraordinary stable in the examined 106 populations. Evolution of the phallic structure was examined by recording simplifications in paramere and modifications on the head of the aedeagus. Phenotypic plasticity increases, the interrelated processes of canalization, d ...
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating
... The term “cheating” is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. Although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. We provide a fo ...
... The term “cheating” is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. Although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. We provide a fo ...
Marty Ferris
... 1a) Gotthard and Nylin: Is there an objective way to invoke the 'design criterion'? I'm mainly referring to their discussion on pg. 9 where they suggest that ' the design criterion can thus be invoked when the link between environmental and phenotypic change is predictable, but improbable enough tha ...
... 1a) Gotthard and Nylin: Is there an objective way to invoke the 'design criterion'? I'm mainly referring to their discussion on pg. 9 where they suggest that ' the design criterion can thus be invoked when the link between environmental and phenotypic change is predictable, but improbable enough tha ...
Fitness “kinematics”: biological function, altruism, and organism
... Let’s begin with the simplest case, conditional viability. Consider an animal which uses carotenoids to improve disease resistance, e.g. the jungle fowl (Zuk et al., 1990). Carotenoids usually must be acquired from foods, but carotenoid-rich foods are rare in some environments (Olson and Owens, 1998 ...
... Let’s begin with the simplest case, conditional viability. Consider an animal which uses carotenoids to improve disease resistance, e.g. the jungle fowl (Zuk et al., 1990). Carotenoids usually must be acquired from foods, but carotenoid-rich foods are rare in some environments (Olson and Owens, 1998 ...
Some Current Topics in Plant Domestication
... predators; irrigation). Since cultivation often provides the setting in which domestication occurs, it has been regarded as a prerequisite for domestication (e.g. Gepts 2004). Thus, cultivated plants are not necessarily domesticated, but domesticated plants are always cultivated. However, Casas et a ...
... predators; irrigation). Since cultivation often provides the setting in which domestication occurs, it has been regarded as a prerequisite for domestication (e.g. Gepts 2004). Thus, cultivated plants are not necessarily domesticated, but domesticated plants are always cultivated. However, Casas et a ...
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.All of life on earth shares a common ancestor known as the last universal ancestor, which lived approximately 3.5–3.8 billion years ago. Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological ""tree of life"" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils. The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilized multicellular organisms. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped both by speciation and by extinction. More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates of Earth's current species range from 10 to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented.In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive, along with three facts about populations: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place. This teleonomy is the quality whereby the process of natural selection creates and preserves traits that are seemingly fitted for the functional roles they perform. Natural selection is the only known cause of adaptation but not the only known cause of evolution. Other, nonadaptive causes of microevolution include mutation and genetic drift.In the early 20th century the modern evolutionary synthesis integrated classical genetics with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through the discipline of population genetics. The importance of natural selection as a cause of evolution was accepted into other branches of biology. Moreover, previously held notions about evolution, such as orthogenesis, evolutionism, and other beliefs about innate ""progress"" within the largest-scale trends in evolution, became obsolete scientific theories. Scientists continue to study various aspects of evolutionary biology by forming and testing hypotheses, constructing mathematical models of theoretical biology and biological theories, using observational data, and performing experiments in both the field and the laboratory. Evolution is a cornerstone of modern science, accepted as one of the most reliably established of all facts and theories of science, based on evidence not just from the biological sciences but also from anthropology, psychology, astrophysics, chemistry, geology, physics, mathematics, and other scientific disciplines, as well as behavioral and social sciences. Understanding of evolution has made significant contributions to humanity, including the prevention and treatment of human disease, new agricultural products, industrial innovations, a subfield of computer science, and rapid advances in life sciences. Discoveries in evolutionary biology have made a significant impact not just in the traditional branches of biology but also in other academic disciplines (e.g., biological anthropology and evolutionary psychology) and in society at large.