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420:050 Anatomy and Physiology for Movement
Study Guide
Summer 2011
Section 1. Foundational Terms and Concepts
1. Be able to identify and describe the 3 cardinal planes.
2. Be able to identify and describe the 3 primary axes of rotation.
3. Be able to identify and demonstrate the anatomical and fundamental positions.
4. Know the following directional terms: superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral,
proximal, distal, superficial, deep, caudal, cephalic, contralateral, ipsilateral, deep, dorsal, prone,
supine, ventral, and volar.
5. Know the basic movements of body segments (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction,
circumduction, internal/external rotation).
6. Know the 5 major functions of the skeleton.
7. Know and be able to give an example of the five types of bones (long, short, flat, irregular,
sesamoid)
8. Know and be able to identify on a diagram the major parts of a long bone (diaphysis, cortex,
periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity).
9. Know the general definition or descriptive characteristics of bone markings
10. Know the division of the skeleton into the axial and appendicular skeletons.
11. Know the difference between and be able to give an example of synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and
diarthroses.
12. Know and be able to demonstrate the following movements: abduction, adduction, flexion,
extension, circumduction, external rotation, internal rotation, inversion, eversion, plantar flexion,
dorsal flexion, pronation, supination, elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward rotation,
downward rotation, anterior and posterior pelvic tilt, radial and unlar flexion, opposition of thumb
Section 2 Neuormuscular Fundamentals (Muscular System videos on-line located at
http://nedbook.adam.com. View all modules except Muscle Metabolism. You must use Explorer
as your browser)
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Understand the specific role of the nervous system in muscle contraction.
Understand depolarization and repolarization.
Be able to identify the three types of muscle in the body and be able to give an example of each
Understand how a muscle produces varying amounts of force, ie. Understand a motor unit and the
role of motor units in producing varying amount of muscular tension.
Be able to identify the function of each of the following in skeletal muscle: mitochondria,
sarcolemma, t-tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fasciculus,
muscle fiber or muscle cell, sarcomere, myofibrils, myofilaments, actin, myosin, troponin,
tropomyosin, calcium, Z line.
Understand how a skeletal muscle develops tension, i.e. the sliding filament theory. Know the
fundamental sequence of events that results in tension development.
Know the primary characteristics of slow twitch (Type I or red), fast twitch oxidative (Type IIa), and
fast twitch glycolytic (Type IIb) muscle fibers.
Be able to define the following terms pertaining to muscle: origin, insertion, isometric (static)
contraction, concentric contraction, eccentric contraction, agonist, antagonist, stabilizers,
synergist.neutralizers
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Section 3. Basic Biomechanical Factors and Concepts
1. Be able to define and describe the three types of levers.
2. Be able to give examples of each of the three types of levers in the body.
3. Understand the biomechanical principles of levers and muscles that determine how much torque can
be produced by a muscle at a joint, i.e. force arms, resistance arms, angle of pull.
Section 4. The Shoulder Girdle
1. Know the bones and articulations (sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothroacic) of the
shoulder girdle.
2. Be able to identify right and left for the scapula and clavicle.
3. Be able to identify the following specific parts of the scapula: acromion process, spine, coracoid
process, glenoid fossa, subscapular fossa, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, inferior angle,
lateral border, vertebral border.
4. Be able to describe and demonstrate the movements of the shoulder girdle.
5. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: trapezius, levator
scapulae, rhomboid major and minor, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
6. Be able to palpate the following: acromion process, spine of the scapula, inferior angle of scapula,
vertebral border of scapula, trapezius, serratus anterior.
7. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the shoulder girdle muscles.
Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the overall exercise.
Section 5. The Shoulder Joint
1. Be able distinguish a right and left humerus.
2. Be able to identify the following parts of the humerus: head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle,
intertubercular or bicipital groove, deltoid tuberosity
3. Be able to identify the primary ligaments of the shoulder joint.
4. Know the movements of the shoulder joint.
5. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, deltoid, teres major, coracobrachialis, latissimus dorsi,
pectoralis major.
8. Be able to palpate the following: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi,
pectoralis major. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the shoulder
joint muscles. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the overall
exercise.
Section 6. The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints
1. Be able to distinguish a right and left radius and ulna.
2. Be able to identify the following parts of the humerus: trochlea, capitulum, medial and lateral
epicondyles, olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa.
3. Be able to identify the following parts of the ulna: coronoid process, trochlear notch, olecranon
process.
4. Be able to identify the following parts of the radius: head, radial tuberosity
5. Be able to identify the radial and ulna collateral ligaments and the annular ligament.
6. Be able to identify and demonstrate the movements at the elbow and radioulnar joints.
7. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: biceps brachii,
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brachialis, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, anconeus, supinator, pronator teres, and pronator
quadratus.
8. Be able to palpate the following: medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus, olecranon process,
biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis.
9. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the muscles that act across the
elbow and radioulnar joints. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to
perform the overall exercise.
Section 7. The Wrist and Hand Joints
1. Be able to identify the styloid process of the radius and ulna.
2. Know the names of the carpal bones.
3. Be able to identify the head and base of a metacarpal and phalanx. Know the number of metacarpals
and phalanges.
4. Be able to identify and demonstrate the movements of the hand and fingers.
5. Know which muscles that move the hand and fingers have their origin in the forearm and/or the
humerus. Know which of these muscles flex the hand and fingers and which extend the hand and
fingers.
6. Recognize that the lumbricals and interossei and intrinsic muscles of the hand
7. Be able to palpate the following: styloid process of radius and ulna, metacarpal-phalangeal joints,
interphalangeal joints, hand and finger flexors, hand and finger extensors.
8. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the muscles that act across the
wrist and hand joints. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the
overall exercise.
Section 8. The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
1. Be able to identify the three bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) comprising the pelvic bone.
2. Be able to identify right and left and the following parts of the coxal bones : acetabulum, ischial
tuberosity, sciatic notch, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, obturator foramen.
3. Be able to identify right and left and the following parts of the femur: head, neck, greater trochanter,
lesser trochanter, gluteal tuberosity
4. Be able to identify the anterior and posterior of the sacrum and the coccyx.
5. Be able to identify and demonstrate the movements at the hip.
6. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: iliopsoas, sartorius,
rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator
externus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus,
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, pectineus, adductor brevis adductor longus,
adductor magnus, gracilis.
7. Be able to palpate the following: ischial tuberosity, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, greater
trochanter, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and medialis, gluteus medius and maximus, biceps
femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor longus.
8. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the hip joint muscles. Know
which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the overall exercise.
Section 9. The Knee Joint
1. Be able to identify the following parts of the femur: medial and lateral condyles
2. Be able to identify right and left and the following parts of the tibia: medial and lateral condyles,
intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus, anterior surface
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3. Be able to identify right and left and the following parts of the fibula: head, lateral malleolus
4. Be able to identify and know the function of the following ligaments and , menisci of the knee:
anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, tibial collateral ligament,
fibular collateral ligament.
5. Be able to identify and demonstrate the movements at the knee.
6. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: vastus lateralis,
vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, popliteus,
7. Be able to palpate the following: medial and lateral condyles of femur, tibial tuberosity, medial and
lateral malleolus, anterior surface of tibia.
8. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the muscles that act across the
knee joint. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the overall
exercise.
Section 10. The Ankle and Foot Joints
1. Be able to identify the talus and calcaneus. Recognize the names of the other ankle bones.
2. Be able to identify the head and base of the metatarsals and phalanges. Know the number of each.
3. Know and be able to demonstrate the movements of the foot and toes.
4. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: gastrocnemius,
soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus, peroneus
brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
5. Know the three types of feet and the best type of athletic shoe for each.
6. Be able to palpate the following: insertion of Achilles tendon into calcaneus, Base of 5th metatarsal,
metatarsal-phalangeal joints, inter-phalangeal joints, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior,
peroneus longus, tendon of extensor hallucis longus
7. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the muscles that act across the
ankle and foot joints. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the
overall exercise.
Section 11. The Trunk and Spinal Column
1. Know the number of thoracic, cervical, and lumbar vertebrae.
2. Be able to identify the atlas and axis.
3. Be able to differentiate between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
4. On any vertebrae, be able to identify the following: spinous process, transverse process, body,
superior and inferior articular facets, costal facets, vertebral foramen.
5. Be able to identify and demonstrate the following movements: cervical flexion and extension,
cervical lateral flexion, cervical rotation, lumbar flexion and extension, lumbar lateral flexion,
lumbar rotation
6. Be able to identify on a diagram, draw on a diagram, and know the general origin and insertion, the
joints crossed, and the movements produced by each of the following muscles: sternocleidomastoid,
erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis.
7. Be able to palpate the following: spinous process of the vertebrae, sternocleidomastoid, rectus
abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae.
8. Be able to identify the basic exercises described in the text that use the trunk and spinal column
muscles. Know which muscles produce the specific movements required to perform the overall
exercise.