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Reading Guide
Unit C Chapter 1 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
1. Earth is a planet that is always___________. When the Earth’s crust
moves, _________occur and ____________erupt. These are _________
Earth processes that have shaped the surface of our world.
2. The Earth is made up of ________layers. Name the layers. Draw and
describe them. ( p c6)
3. The Earth’s core can be divided into 2 layers. The ________core is a
solid ball made mostly of _______and ________. It is the
_________layer of the Earth and may be as hot as the surface of the ___.
Earth’s ____________is a pool of _________liquid metal.
4. Which of the Earth’s layers is thickest?
5. Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into continent-sized slabs
called _______. These move very slowly across earth’s surface on a thin
layer of partly melted ________. Most plates move about the same length
that your ___________grow each year, or a few centimeters.
6. List the 3 ways that plates can move and draw a picture showing each
example. (p c8)
7. An earthquake is____________________________________. Most
earthquakes occur along________. A ________in the crust is a ________
Along which rocks move. Rocks on either side of a __________ can move up
and down, _______________, or both. (p. c12)
8. The point underground where the movement of an earthquake first takes
place is called the ___________. When rocks slip at the focus, _______
moves out in all directions through the ________around it. Damage from
the vibrations is usually centered around the _____________, which is the
point on the __________that is right above the _________. (c13)
9. What causes an earthquake?
10. Describe what a seismograph is and how many parts it has. For what is it
used? (c14)
11. Compare/contrast how a Mercalli scale is similar/different from the
Richter scale. (c14)
12. A _________is a mountain that forms when red-hot melted rock flows
through a crack onto the ______ _________. Melted rock inside Earth is
called _________, and when it reaches Earth’s surface it is called______.
13. Describe 3 ways volcanoes form. (p c18)
14. ________rises toward the Earth’s surface through a rocky tube called a
_________. (c18)
15. A _________ _______ is an underground pool that holds hot _______.
16. Define a Shield volcano and how it forms.
17. Define a Cinder cone volcano and how it forms.
18. Define a Composite volcano and how it forms.
19. How can volcanoes be GOOD for our land? (p c 20-21)
20. Describe how volcanoes can be harmful and explain why it is important to
study and predict volcanic activity. (p c22-23).