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2nd Semester Exam Study Guide
Waves
1.) Define wave.
2.) What is the difference between a mechanical wave and an electromagnetic wave?
3.) Give three examples of mechanical waves.
4.) Give six examples of electromagnetic waves
5.) Describe how particles move in a transverse wave.
6.) Give one example of a transverse wave.
7.) Describe how particles move in a compressional wave.
8.) Give one example of a compressional wave.
9.)
Draw a transverse wave and label its wavelength, amplitude, crests, and troughs.
10.)
Define wave frequency.
11.)
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
12.) What is refraction?
13.) What is diffraction?
14.) What is the purpose of the Outer Ear?
15.) Which part of the wave has to do with pitch?
16.) What is the purpose of the Middle Ear?
17.) Name the three bones of the Middle Ear in order starting from the Eardrum.
18.) What is the purpose of the Inner Ear?
19.) Which part of the ear must vibrate first in order for a sound to be heard?
20.) Describe the path of light through the eye.
21.) What would a concave lens do to an image at a foot distance?
22.) What would a convex lens do to an image at a foot distance?
23.) Does the eye reflect, refract, or diffract light?
24.) What would a double convex lens do to an image at a foot distance?
25.) What the seven main colors of visible light – in order from highest frequency to lowest?
26.) What color(s) transmit through a red color filter?
27.) What color(s) gets absorbed by the red color filter?
28.) Which cells in the eye are used to detect color?
29.) Why would object appear to be red?
30.) Why would object appear to be white?
31.) Why would object appear to be black?
32.) Name the types of electromagnetic waves from left to right on the spectrum (shortest
wavelength/highest frequency to longest wavelength/lowest frequency )
33.) What is the relationship between wave frequency and energy?
Force and Motion
34.) Speed equals distance divided by….?
35.) If the speed of an object does not change, the object is traveling at a
speed.
36.) A train that travels 100 kilometers in 4 hours is traveling at what average speed?
37.) A vehicle is traveling down the road in a straight line and is coming to a curve in the road. As the car
goes around the curve, a passenger in the car tends to move in which direction?
38.) How are mass and inertia related?
39.) What is the difference between mass and weight?
40.) Define velocity.
41.) When graphing, what does TAILS stand for?
42.) On a distance-time graph, what does a flat line mean?
43.) On a distance-time graph, what does a steep line going upward mean?
44.) On a distance-time graph, what does a line going back down to the x-axis mean?
45.) How do you calculate speed from two points on a distance-time graph?
46.) What are 3 common units of speed?
47.) If a car drives to Columbia at a speed of 65 miles/hour, how long will it take to travel the distance of
120miles?
48.) If the drive to Birmingham is 470 miles away, what speed must you average if you are to make it
there in 7.5 hours?
49.) How far is Eastover, SC if it takes you 1.8 hours to get there at an average speed of 58 miles/hour?
50.) What is the acceleration equation?
51.) What is a common unit for acceleration? What is the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
52.) What does acceleration look like on a distance-vs-time graph?
53.) What does constant acceleration look like on a speed-vs-time graph?
54.) Calculate the acceleration of a runner who changes velocity from 2m/s to 4m/s in 1.5sec.
55.) What is Newton’s First Law?
56.) Give an example of an object with balanced forces on it.
57.) How could these forces become unbalanced?
58.) Is an object with zero-net-force always at rest?
59.) How do friction and gravity affect the speed and direction of an object?
60.) You can show the motion of an object on a line graph in which you plot distance against……?
61.) If velocity is measured in kilometers per hour and time is measured in hours, what would be the units
for acceleration?
62.) A plane travels 300km north in 2 hours. What is its velocity?
63.) A rock and a brick fall off a forty-foot building at the same time. The brick is three times the mass of
the rock. Which hits the ground first and why?
Astronomy
64.) Day and night are caused by?
65.) Tides are caused mainly by?
66.) When compared to the gases around the sun, sunspots are…? _____________
67.) Which unit of measurement is used for distances from star to star or to another galaxy?
68.) The Milky Way galaxy has which type of shape?
69.) The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is?
70.) Joe has a mass of 65 kg. If he were on a spaceship traveling far out in space, how much would his
mass be?
71.) Rocky bodies that orbit between the inner and outer planets are called?
72.) Why does Earth have seasons? Draw a sketch.
73.) During what moon phase can a lunar eclipse occur?
74.) What type of tide has the highest high tide and lowest low tide? Draw a sketch.
75.) Earth’s rotation takes about how long?
76.) What layer are you looking at when you see a photograph of the sun?
77.) About how long does one cycle of the Moon’s phases last?
78.) Name the inner planets, and what do they all have in common?
79.) Name the outer planets, and what do they all have in common?
80.) What percentage of the moon is lit by the sun?
81.) What is the name for the day when we have equal hours of daylight and nighttime?
82.) Which two planets do most asteroids orbit between?
83.) Define “light-year.”
Topography
84.) How is elevation shown on a topographic map?
85.) What are contour intervals?
86.) How do you show steep slopes v. gentle slopes on a topo. map?
87.) What does a closed loop represent on a topo. map?
88.) How do you show depressions on a topo. map?
89.) How do you know which direction a stream flows on a topo. map?
90.) Name a situation when a topographic map would be useful.