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Unit 9 & 10 – Personality, Testing & Individual Differences Review – Exam December 9
1.
Trait Theory
a. Personality
b. Personality trait
c. Factor analysis
d. Raymond Cattell and sixteen trait theory
e. McCrae and Costa’s five-factor model
2. Psychodynamic Perspectives
a. Freud
i. 3 levels of consciousness
ii. 3 components of personality
1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
iii. Anxiety and defense mechanisms – how do defense mechanisms save you from anxiety?
1. Repression
2. Projection
3. Displacement
4. Reaction formation
5. Regression
6. Rationalization
7. Identification
8. Sublimation
b. Carl Jung
i. Analytical psychology
ii. Personal unconscious
iii. Collective unconscious
iv. Archetypes
v. Introverts
vi. Extroverts
vii. What is a Mandala and how might it be used to develop the unconsious
c. Alfred Adler
i. Inferiority complex
ii. Superiority
iii. Compensation
iv. Why is birth order important according to adler
d. What are the positives and negatives of the psychoanalytic perspective?
3. Behavioral Perspectives
a. B. F. Skinner –
i. How does operant conditioning play a part in personality development?
ii. What is meant by mechanical, deterministic and noncognitive development of
personality?
b. Albert Bandura
i. Social learning theory
ii. Reciprocal determinism
iii. Observational learning
iv. Self-efficacy
c. Walter Mischel
i. Situation specificity
d. What are the positives and negatives of the Behavioral perspectives?
4. Humanistic Perspectives
a. Carl Rogers
i. Person-centered theory
ii. Self-concept
iii. Incongruence vs. congruence
iv. The role of conditional vs unconditional affection in the development of the self.
v. Anxiety and defense – how is this similar/different from Freud’s views?
b. Abraham Maslow
i. Hierarchy of needs
ii. Know the different levels of the hierarchy
iii. What characteristics are exhibited by self-actualized people
c. What are the positives and negatives of the Humanistic perspective?
5. Biological Perspectives
a. Hans Eysenck
b. Hierarchy of traits
c. How does Eysenck borrow from Behaviorism?
d. Understand the results of twin studies.
6. Misc. Knowledge – know how the following things can affect development and behavior
a. Personal control
b. Learned helplessness
c. Optimism
Testing and Individual differences:
7. Francis Galton – hereditary studies:
8. Binet and mental age:
9. Terman and the Stanford Benet exam 10. How is IQ calculated?
11. What are the average scores for :
a. Profound retardation:
b. Severe retardation:
c. Moderate retardation:
d. Mild retardation:
e. Borderline retardation:
f. Low average:
g. Average
h. High average
i. Superior
j. Gifted
12. How did Wechsler change the IQ scale. (Give the two major innovations)
a.
b.
13. Who is Charles Spearman and what is factor analysis?
14. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities:
15. Horn and Cattell’s intelligence factors:
a. Fluid intelligence:
b. Crystallized intelligence
16. Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence:
17. Peter Salovey’s and John Mayer’s emotional intelligence:
18. Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence
19. Claude Steele’s Stereotype threat:
20. nature vs. nurture argument on intelligence:
21. Flynn Effect: