Download Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes

Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities?
connective
epithelial
muscle
connective and muscle
B
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Epithelial tissue
prevents drying.
secretes mucus.
absorbs molecules.
accomplishes all of these.
D
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Glands secreting products into ducts are called
exocrine.
endocrine.
hormonal.
endocrine and hormonal.
A
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on) the
skin.
trachea.
blood vessels.
digestive tract.
B
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix?
muscle
nervous
connective
epithelial
C
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a type of loose connective tissue?
tendons
cartilage
adipose tissue
ligaments
C
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which connects muscles to bones?
tendons
cartilage
adipose tissue
ligaments
A
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which tissue has lacunae?
bone
cartilage
tendons
bone and cartilage
D
9.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which is the most common type of cartilage?
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
A
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Where may cartilage be found?
windpipe
outer ear
knee joint
in all of these locations
D
11.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Of what does bone consist?
calcium salts
protein fibers
both calcium salts and protein fibers
C
12.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Central canals contain
blood vessels.
nerve fibers.
both blood vessels and nerve fibers.
C
13.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which contains central canals?
bone
cartilage
both bone and cartilage
A
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14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is connective tissue?
bone
cartilage
blood
all of these
D
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which type of muscle tissue contains branched fibers?
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
skeletal and cardiac
C
16.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Cardiac muscle is
striated and voluntary
striated and involuntary
smooth and involuntary
B
17.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Intestinal muscle is
striated and voluntary
striated and involuntary
smooth and involuntary
C
18.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Skeletal muscle is
striated and voluntary
striated and involuntary
smooth and involuntary
A
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Actin and myosin are found in
muscle.
bone.
blood.
cartilage.
A
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A neuron is a
muscle cell.
nerve cell.
fiber cell.
cartilage cell.
B
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21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A neuron consists of
dendrites.
a cell body.
an axon.
all of these.
D
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which contains a nucleus?
axon
dendrite
cell body
axon and dendrite
C
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Nerves are primarily composed of
axons.
dendrites.
cell bodies.
all of these.
A
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Neuroglial cells are associated with
bone cells.
neurons.
muscle fibers.
blood cells.
B
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Glands are made of
epithelial cells.
muscle cells.
nerve cells.
blood cells.
A
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What type of tissue lines the small intestine?
squamous epithelium
loose connective
simple columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
D
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27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which are examples of body membranes?
meninges
synovial membranes
serous membranes
all of these
D
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with
meninges.
synovial membranes.
mucous membranes.
all of these.
B
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Mucus is a protection against
bacteria.
viruses.
digestive juices.
all of these.
D
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The peritoneum
is a serous membrane.
is found in the abdomen.
forms the mesentery.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a multinucleated cell?
skeletal muscle fiber
smooth muscle fiber
red blood cell
white blood cell
A
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What are found in lacunae?
blood vessels
cells
nerves
blood vessels and nerves
B
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figure 4.1
33. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the red blood cells?
Ans: c
34. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the white blood cells?
Ans: a
35. Which letter in figure 4.1 points to the platelets?
Ans: b
36. Compare loose connective tissue and fibrous connective tissue.
Ans: Only fibrous connective tissue contains bundles of white collagenous fibers closely
packed together.
37. Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue.
Ans: Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate. Cardiac muscle fibers
are branched, striated, and uninucleate. Smooth muscle fibers are nonstriated, spindleshaped, and uninucleate.
38. What is a neuron? Describe its structure.
Ans: A neuron is a specialized cell composed of three parts: dendrites, which conduct
impulses to the cell body; the cell body, which contains most of the cytoplasm and
nucleus of the neuron; and the axon, which conducts impulses away from the cell body.
39. Simple squamous epithelium forms the alveolar walls in the lungs and the walls of the
capillaries. Why would you expect diffusion to occur more easily through simple
squamous epithelium?
Ans: Because the cells are flat and single layered, making diffusion easier than it would be
across multiple layers of cells.
40. A person with a collagenous disease reports symptoms in many organs of the body.
How do you explain this?
Ans: Because many internal organs contain collagenous fibers.
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41. Epithelial tissues are classified according to cell shape and stratification. List and
describe the classification of cell shape and stratification.
Ans: Squamous = flat cell shape
Cuboidal = cube cell shape
Columnar = column cell shape
Simple = single layer of cells
Stratified = several layers of cells
Pseudostratified = single layer of cells that appears multilayered
42. Distinguish between carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
Ans: Carcinoma = cancer of epithelial tissue
Sarcoma = cancer of striated muscle or connective tissue
Leukemia = cancer of the blood
Lymphoma = cancer of reticular connective tissue
43. Distinguish between neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, and myelin sheath.
Ans: Neuroglial cells support and protect neurons. Schwann cells are neuroglial cells that
encircle long nerve fibers thus forming a myelin sheath.
44. Distinguish between a neuron and a nerve.
Ans: A neuron is a single cell with dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. A nerve is a collection
of axons (nerve fibers) from various neurons that are wrapped in connective tissue.
45. Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue.
Ans: White fibers contain collagen and are flexible and strong. Yellow fibers contain elastin
and are elastic but not as strong as collagen fibers. Reticular fibers also contain collagen
but are thinner than white fibers and highly branched.
46. What is the matrix of blood tissue and how does it differ from the matrices in other
connective tissues?
Ans: The fluid component of blood, or plasma, is the matrix of this connective tissue. Blood
plasma differs from other connective tissue matrices in that plasma is fluid whereas the
other matrices are solid or semisolid (jellylike). Also, whereas all other connective
tissues contain matrices that are produced by cells of the tissue, blood plasma is not
produced by blood cells.
47. Describe how the parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, and mesentery are related to
one another.
Ans: The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominopelvic cavity, the visceral peritoneum covers
the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity, and the mesentery is formed where these two
membranes come together. All three structures are continuous.
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48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which extracellular junction allows for the transfer of materials between adjacent cells?
adhesion junction
gap junction
tight junction
Both adhesive junction and gap junction are correct.
B
49. Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer?
Ans: The chance of cancer occurring in a tissue is related to the rate of cell division in the
tissue. Epithelial cells divide more often than cells of other tissues so carcinoma (cancer
of epithelium) is the most common form of cancer.
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