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Biology 2121 – Review/Objectives – Integumentary System (Skin) – Ch. 5
Vocabulary
 Superficial facia; keratinocytes; keratin; melanin; Langerhans cells; dendritic cells; tactile cells; hemoglobin;
erythema; pallor; jaundice; sebum; cuticle; seborrhea; pili; vellus hair; hirsutism; slopecia; hyponychium;
eponychium; melanoma
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Know the physical, chemical and biological barriers that the skin provides that protect the body
Know that the dermis is a blood reservoir.
Relate body temperature to a function of the skin.
Distinguish between the epidermis and dermis of the skin.
Know the layers of the epidermis. Know the characteristics of each layer.
a. Basal; spinosium; granulosum; lucidum; corneum
Know the specific type of epithelial tissue that makes up the epidermis.
Know the specific type of connective tissue that the dermis is made of.
Know general characteristics of the dermis.
Know the two divisions of the papillary of the dermis. Know the specific type of tissue each is composed of.
Know the significance of cleavage lines.
Know the contents and functions of the hypodermis
Know the three factors that determine skin color.
Know the different types of suforiferous glands.
Compare eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
Know the contents of sweat, pH, etc.
Know the characteristics and functions of sebaceous glands.
Know the general causes of skin cancer.
Know the function of the P53 gene.
Distinguish between the following types of skin cancer.
a. Basal cell carcinoma
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Cancer of the melanocytes
Know the following about Nails.
a. Know how nails develop.
Know the following about Hair.
a. Know that hairs are produced by hair follicles.
b. Hair is composed of keratin protein.
c. Know that hair is composed of a central medulla, cortex and outer cuticle.
d. Color of the hair depends on:
i. Amount and kind of melanin present
ii. Types of chemicals present (tricosiderin for red hair)
e. The base of the hair follicle is called the hair bulb. The matrix of the bulb produces the actual hair.
f. Hair is innervated.
g. The tiny arrector pili muscle pulls on the follicles to give the hair an upright position.
h. Most hair is vellus hairs except for the scalp, eyebrows
i. Some vellus hairs around pubic and other areas, become course as androgens and other hormones are produced
during puberity. These are called terminal hairs.
j. Distinguish between alopecia and male pattern baldness.
k. Know how hirsutism affects women.