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Anatomy of cerebral Arteries
By
Maher Finjan Taher
M.SC. Human anatomy
College of Medicine/ Al- Kufa University
Contents
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Introduction.
Internal carotid artery.
Vertebral artery.
Basilar artery.
Circle of Willis (Circulus Arteroisus).
Anatomic variation of circle of Willis.
Introduction
Brain is supplied by :
1) Two internal carotid arteries.
2) Two vertebral arteries.
 The four arteries lie within subarachnoid
space, and their branches anastomose on
the inferior surface of brain to form circle
of Willis.
Internal carotid artery
Subdivided into four parts:
1) Cervical .
2) Petrous.
3) Cavernous.
4) Cerebral.
Cervical part: Begin at bifurcation of
common carotid artery & ascend the neck.
Has no branches in the neck.
Petrous part: When perforates the base of
skull through carotid canal of temporal bone.
The branches:
1) Vidian artery or artery of pterygoid canal.
2) Caroticotympanic artery.
Cavernous part: Pass through the
cavernous sinus.
Branches :
1) Meningohypophyseal artery.
2) Inferolateral trunk.
Cerebral part: In region of medial end of
lateral cerebral sulcus. Branches :
1) Ophthalmic artery.
2) Posterior communicating artery.
3) Anterior choroidal artery.
4) Anterior cerebral artery.
5) Middle cerebral artery.
Circle of Willis & its branches
Vertebral artery
Branch of first part of subclavian artery.
Cervical part: Pass through foramina in the
transverse processes of upper six cervical vertebrae,
then enters the skull through the foramen magnum.
Vertebral artery as indicated by arrows
Cranial part of vertebral artery:
It enters skull through foramen magnum & pierces
dura mater & arachnoid to enter subarachnoid
space. It then passes upward, forward, and
medially on medulla oblongata. Branches:
1) Meningeal branches.
2) Posterior spinal.
3) Anterior spinal artery.
4) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
5) Medulary arteries.
Basilar artery
Formed by union of the two vertebral arteries
on the groove on the anterior surface of pons.
Branches:
1) Pontine arteries.
2) Labyrinthine artery.
3) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery.
4) Superior cerebellar artery.
5) Posterior cerebral artery.
Circle of Willis
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Two internal carotid arteries.
Two vertebral arteries.
Anterior communicating artery.
Anterior cerebral arteries.
Posterior communicating arteries.
Basilar artery.
Circle of Willis
Anatomic variation of circle of Willis
1) Proximal part of posterior cerebral artery is narrow
& its ipsilateral posterior communicating artery is
large.
2) Anterior communicating artery is large so single
internal carotid supplies both anterior cerebral
arteries.
References
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Bouthillier, Alain E. 1998.
Quising RG, Rhoton AL Jr. 2003.
Rhoton AL Jr., Fujiik, Fradd B. 2000.
Morandix. 2006.
Richard S. Snell. 2006.
Keth L. Moore, Arthur F. Dally, Anne M.R.
Agur. 2008.
7) Gibo H, Carver CC. 1997.
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