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CHAPTER 24
Edwin Chadwick
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Gustave Flaubert
Emile Zola
Auguste Comte
Joseph Lister
Baron Haussmann
Gustave Droz
Review Questions Chapter 24
1. To what extent was industrialization responsible for the deplorable conditions of the cities in
the early nineteenth century?
2. Who was Edwin Chadwick? What role did he play in the public health movement?
3. What was the miasmatic theory of disease? How did it retard progress?
4. What contributions did Pasteur, Koch, and Lister make to life in urban Europe.
5. What were the reasons for the rebuilding of Paris? Who was responsible for this change?
6. Why was the electric streetcar so important in improving urban life?
7. Marx claimed that as a result of industrialization there was an increasing polarization of
society into rich and poor. Do the facts warrant such a conclusion?
8. Describe the differences and similarities between groups within the middle class. What
separated and what united them?
9. Describe the “labor aristocracy.” What were the interests of its members? How did they differ
from the rest of the working class?
10. What were the interests, motives, and lifestyle of the working class? How were they changing
by the late nineteenth century?
11. What was the social and economic position of women in the nineteenth century? Were they
better off than in preindustrial society?
12. What changes occurred in child care and the attitudes toward children in the nineteenth
century?
13. Overall, did family life improve in the nineteenth century? Explain,
14. In what practical ways did breakthroughs in scientific inquiry transform life for the general
population of the nineteenth century?
15. Explain the new evolutionary views of biological development and how these views
influenced religious and social thought.
16. What was the realist movement in literature? Who were the major writers of this movement,
and how did they digger from previous writers?