Download Round 07 - High School Quizbowl Packet Archive

HARVARD FALL TOURNAMENT
ROUND SEVEN
1. She is also known as Dinkenesh, which means “thou art wonderful,” though her English name came
from the Beatles song that David Johanson was listening to in 1974 when he found her at a lake in the
easternmost part of the Afar region of Ethiopia. Her discovery forced scientists to rethink the order of
human development, since she was more than three million years old. Found today in Addis Ababa’s
National Museum, FTP, identify this famous Austrolopithecus afarensus whose namesake, in that Beatles
song, was “in the sky with diamonds.”
ANSWER: Lucy Austrolapithecus afarensis
2. This ability is referred to by a term first coined by Jons Jakob Berzelius in 1841, although his definition
of it has become obsolete. Compounds with variable coordination numbers and multiple oxidation states
are more liable to exhibit it because more than one way exists for atoms to array themselves. The elemental
analog of compound polymorphism, it allows the existence of multiple pressure- and temperaturedependent eponymous forms. Iron, tin, sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen all display, FTP, which capacity of
elements to exist in different physical states, a phenomenon best demonstrated by the occurrence of
diamond and graphite?
ANSWER: allotrophy
3. Robert Thompson, a pop culture professor at Syracuse University, called it a “delightful little phrase,”
suggesting that it could be used to explain everything from “leaving your fly open to being caught naked.”
It was the event that inspired this two-word phrase that caused the 2004 Grammys to air with a five-minute
tape delay “to safeguard against any unexpected and inappropriate content.” This phrase is now sometimes
applied to other incidents, including the time Lucy Lawless’s dress fell off while singing the national
anthem. FTP, what phrase did Justin Timberlake use to explain what happened to Janet Jackson’s outfit
during the Super Bowl halftime show?
ANSWER: “wardrobe malfunction”
4. This work describes the tendency of its topic to degrade statesmanship and education to the level of the
lowest through a “soft despotism.” However, this work’s author was generally impressed by the titular
concept, commenting in the books opening lines on “the general equality of condition among the people.”
Another positive aspect of its subject is the separation between* church and state. While this work
anticipates that violence would be caused by the slavery question, it generally seeks to analyze how the
practical successes of the titular system can best be applied in Europe. FTP, name this French text based on
nine months of travels in 1831 and 1832, a classic work of political science written by Alexis de
Tocqueville.
ANSWER: Democracy in America (accept De la Démocrate en Amérique)
5. It begins on Good Friday in a dark wood when the author, who is also the main character, is thirty-five
years old. That author soon discovers Farinata degli Uberti in a burning tomb and a realm called Judecca
where traitors are encased in ice. He sees Pope Celestine V and Pontius Pilate among the opportunists and
the outcasts, then crosses the Acheron and meets Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan, who were sent to
Limbo and barred from Paradise because they were pagans. This work is the first of three canticas and, in
it, Virgil is the author’s guide. FTP, name this work by Dante Alighieri, the first part of the Divine
Comedy, in which Dante visits Hell.
ANSWER: Inferno (prompt on Divine Comedy)
6. They are divided into the mesothelae, who have segmented abdomens, and the opisthothelae. The
“assassin” variety of these animals have atypically long necks that help them hunt, though other varieties
have their head fused to the thorax. Males are often smaller than their female counterparts, and many hold
the belief that these males are almost invariably killed during mating. In West African lore, the god Anansi
is said to be the first of these creatures to have learned to prey with nets, even though many species have
actually abandoned their use in hunting. FTP, name this order of arthropods that have anywhere from zero
to eight eyes and exactly eight legs.
ANSWER: spiders (accept araneae; prompt on arachnids)
7. Its current leader is Bartholomew I, an ardent environmentalist nicknamed the “Green Pope” who has
tried to improve relations among its disparate branches. Among those branches is the Antiochian, from
which the Syriac variety split after adopting a monophysite heresy that was declared anathema at the
Council of Chalcedon. That council instead declared Jesus to be both fully human and fully divine. That
christological stance has long defined adherents of this faith, who attempted to patch up their differences
with the Catholic Church at Ferrara and Florence, resulting in a half-hearted union that failed to halt the fall
of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Officially separate from the West since the schism of 1054
and comprising the majority of the population in Serbia, Romania, Russia, and Greece, this is, FTP, what
branch of Christianity denoted by a word that means “right path”?
ANSWER: Eastern Orthodox Christianity (do not accept Greek Orthodox; accept Patriarchate
of Constantinople or equivalents before “disparate branches”)
8. Its introduction with the Kritios Boy in 480 BC heralded the end of archaic Greek sculpture. It was
developed throughout Classical times, a prime example of it being employed in the Doryphorus of
Polykleitos. Because it was used so commonly by Ancient Greek artists, it is now associated with classical
poses, but its definition has no connection to antiquity; indeed, sculptors from Phidias to Michelangelo to
Rodin have adapted it to give their sculptures lifelike posture and stance. FTP, name this term defined as
the twisting of limbs in a sculpture or unequal weights being placed on each foot.
ANSWER: contrapposto
9. This number is the square of the integral from negative infinity to infinity of e to the quantity negative x
squared, and to the square root of six times the sum one plus one over two squared plus one over three
squared and so on. A more famous expansion for it is Wallis’s product four times two thirds times four
thirds times four fifths, and Gregory’s arctangent expansion four minus four thirds plus four fifths and so
on also converges to it. FTP, what is this number, the area of a circle with radius one?
ANSWER: pi
10. Theodore White’s first book in the The Making of the President series detailed his election and spoke
fondly of his games of touch football at Hyannis. He appointed George Ball undersecretary of state, while
he appointed Dean Rusk as secretary of state; Ball later used the position to argue against American
involvement in Vietnam, while Rusk was a public advocate of the war. This president also appointed
Robert McNamara as Secretary of Defense and his brother as Attorney General. These Cabinet members
were divided over how best to respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. FTP, identify this
American president who was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald.
ANSWER: John Fitzgerald Kennedy (accept JFK)
11. Its minor characters include Fraulein Burstner, whom the protagonist kisses after she screams upon
hearing the news of the title happening. That event is at first presumed to be a joke played by the
protagonist’s colleagues at the bank where he works, but eventually one of his clients tells him he has heard
of his predicament and sends him to the painter Titorelli. Titorelli describes three approaches – “indefinite
postponement,” “definite acquittal,” and “ostensible acquittal” – but in the end the protagonist is taken by
two men to the quarry and allows himself to be executed “like a dog.” Often read as a parable about
bureaucracy in modern society, this is, FTP, what story of Josef K. written by Franz Kafka?
ANSWER: The Trial (accept Der Prozeß)
12. Pencil and paper ready. You want to find the percentage of heterozygotes in a population in HardyWeinberg equilibrium. The percentage of organisms showing the recessive phenotype is 36%. (pause)
From this number, you can figure out the frequencies of both the dominant and recessive alleles in the
population, multiply them together, and multiply by two to get the frequency of heterozygotes.
Alternatively, you can take the product of the square roots of the percentages showing each phenotype,
which are 36% and 64%. FTP, what is that percentage of heterozygotes in the population?
ANSWER: 48% (accept .48)
13. Reinhold Gliere wrote his Concerto in E-flat for it, George Frederick Handel composed a Concerto in
B-flat, and Claude Debussy featured it in his Danses Sacrées and Profane. Debussy’s composition was
actually specifically written for the then state-of-the-art “chromatic” type, which featured both a chromatic
and a diatonic set of strings to produce accidentals more easily. The keys in which this instrument could
play remained limited until Sebastien Erard invented the double-action pedal version in 1810. It was
French musician Carlos Salzedo’s innovations such as plucking strings with the fingernails and tapping on
the sounding board that brought it into the 20th century. FTP, name this 47-stringed musical instrument
often associated with angels.
ANSWER: harp
14. It commenced when Harry Truman rejected the idea of Lucius Clay to drive in a column of armored
vehicles, siding instead with suggestions from Curtis LeMay and Alfred Wedermeyer, who turned over
command of the project to William Tunner. Gail Halvorsen added candy bars attached to parachutes to the
operation, which was nicknamed Operation Vittles. Serving Gatow in the British area, Tempelhof in the
American area, and an airport built in just 49 days in the French sector, by April 1949, a plane was landing
every minute. FTP, identify this 1949 effort to negate the effects of a Soviet blockade of the western part
of Germany’s capital city.
ANSWER: Berlin Airlift
15. It is navigable by small river craft as far as Ulm, but by ocean-going vessels only as far as Braila.
Among its tributaries are the Inn, which joins it at Passau, Germany, and the Tisza. It is also joined by the
Prut, which forms the western boundary of Moldova, and the Drava, which forms part of the boundary
between Hungary and Croatia. Its most famous tributaries, however, are the Morava, which joins it at
Bratislava, and the Sava, which has its confluence with this river at Belgrade. FTP, identify this river that
also flows through Budapest and Vienna en route to the Black Sea.
ANSWER: Danube River
16. He appeared bloodstained on national TV in 1996 after a police confrontation in which he advocated
the environmental rights of indigenous peoples. Leading the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, he
overcame the desafuero and videoscandals, and, in the 2006 campaign, in which he represented the
Alliance for the Good of All, he outlined his proposals in 50 Commitments. Both he and his main rival
declared victory after the presidential election on July 2, but he wound up 0.58 percentage points behind,
and the Federal Electoral Tribunal upheld the results despite possible interference by incumbent Vicente
Fox. FTP, name this former Mayor of Mexico City and nominee of the PRD, who lost to Felipe Calderón
in Mexico’s disputed presidential election.
ANSWER: Andrés Manuel López Obrador (prompt on Obrador)
17. Among its many characters are Jimmy Doyle, who participates in an automobile race, and Eveline, who
decides not to elope with a sailor. It includes “Counterparts,” which ends with a drunk man named
Farrington beating his son, who pleads that he will “say a Hail Mary” for him if he stops. Another of the
stories, “Ivy Day in the Committee Room,” focuses on the legacy of Charles Parnell. In the final story, the
song “The Lass of Augrim” reminds Gretta of her first love, who died young, and her husband, Gabriel
Conroy, has an epiphany. FTP, that final story, “The Dead,” is the best known work from what collection
of short stories by James Joyce set in the title city?
ANSWER: Dubliners (accept “After the Race” before the word “Eveline”)
18. The former speaker of this country’s parliament, Mehdi Karroubi, was the surprising third-place
finisher in this country’s 2005 presidential election, which saw the reform-minded Mostafa Moeen drop all
the way to fifth. Past Preseident Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani won the first round, but lost by a landslide in
the subsequent run-off to the far-right mayor of this country’s capital city. Moeen has since opposed the
winner, joining a group protesting “the rise of religious fascism.” FTP, identify this country where, while
Islamic clerics still hold the real power, Mohammad Khatami was replaced as president by Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad.
ANSWER: Iran
19. Scene five opens with a screen reading “Annunciation,” whereupon a young man responds to his
mother’s nagging by noting that dance halls are unavoidable for those whose lives lack “any change or
adventure.” The play continues as the mother wishes for her children’s success, prompting the son to say
he has invited a young man to dinner the following day. That man, Jim O’Connor, has not been told that
the purpose of his visit is to meet the mother’s young daughter, whom the mother begs her son, Tom, not to
describe as “peculiar” or “crippled.” Although Jim does kiss the girl, Laura, he eventually reveals that he is
married and Amanda Wingfield’s dreams come to naught. Taking its title from Laura’s collection of
figurine animals, this is, FTP, what play by Tennessee Williams?
ANSWER: The Glass Menagerie
20. The universe is represented as a four-dimensional Minkowski space in this branch of physics, and the
laws of electromagnetism are invariant relative to it. It can be derived completely from only the two
postulates that the speed of light is a universal constant and that the laws of physics are the same in all
inertial frames of reference. Transitions between frames of reference are made using the Lorentz
transformations in, FTP, what theory that predicts such effects as time dilation and length contraction that
was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905?
ANSWER: special relativity (prompt on relativity)
BONUSES
1. Today – October 14, 2006 – is the anniversary of several famous events in history. Answer these
questions about them for ten points each.
(10) Today is the 200th anniversary of this 1806 battle near the river Saale at which Napoleon decisively
defeated the Duke of Brunswick, knocking Prussia out of the Napoleonic Wars until 1813.
ANSWER: Battle of Jena (accept “Auerstadt”)
(10) 420 years ago today, this woman’s trial on charges of complicity in the Babington Plot and conspiracy
to assassinate Elizabeth I began.
ANSWER: Mary I of Scotland (accept “Mary Stuart” or “Mary, Queen of Scots”)
(10) On October 14, 1987, this then 18-month-old baby got trapped in an 8-inch-wide abandoned well in
Midland, Texas, and remained trapped for 58 hours.
ANSWER: Jessica McClure (accept “Baby Jessica”; prompt on “Jessica Morales”)
2. Answer these questions about French literature for ten points each.
(10) The title character of this French national epic famously blows his horn before dying at the Battle of
Tours.
ANSWER: The Song of Roland (accept La Chanson de Roland)
(10) This editor of the Encyclopedia is also known for his 1796 novel Jacques the Fatalist and his Master.
ANSWER: Denis Diderot
(10) This member of the Parnassus school and author of Le Bonheur and Le Zenith won the first Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1901
ANSWER: Réne-François-Armand Sully Prudhomme
3. For ten points each, identify these people connected to Charles Darwin.
(10) This captain of the Beagle was a fundamentalist Christian and believer in phrenology.
ANSWER: Robert FitzRoy
(10) A fellow biologist, he defended Darwin's work at an Oxford debate and referred to himself as "
Darwin's bulldog."
ANSWER: Thomas Henry Huxley
(10) Working in Indonesia, this other naturalist and geographer independently formulated a theory of
natural selection.
ANSWER: Alfred Russel Wallace
4. Answer these questions about a work by Thomas Hobbes for ten points each.
(10) This 1651 work of political philosophy was subtitled “the matter, forme and power of a commonwealth ecclesiasticall and civil.”
ANSWER: Leviathan
(10) In Leviathan, Hobbes argued that man, ungoverned, would revert to this state.
ANSWER: state of nature
(10) Hobbes described life in the state of nature by these three adjectives. Give them, all or nothing.
ANSWER: nasty, brutish and short
5. For ten points each, answer these questions about a famous American author.
(10) This Missouri native wrote The Mysterious Stranger, The Innocents Abroad, and A
Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.
ANSWER: Mark Twain or Samuel Langhorne Clemens or Samuel Clemens
(10) Name his hometown. Many of his stories are set in its fictional analogue.
ANSWER: Hannibal, Missouri
(10) Twain wrote this autobiographical work about his experiences as a steamboat pilot.
ANSWER: Life on the Mississippi
6. Name these Canadian Prime Ministers for ten points each.
(10) This first Prime Minister looked enough like Benjamin Disraeli to startle several guests at Disraeli’s
1881 funeral. A Conservative, he won a second term in 1878 with his National Policy, centering on the
Canadian Pacific Railway.
ANSWER: John Alexander Macdonald
(10) This Montrealite led Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. Among his notable actions
was bringing into force the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
ANSWER: Pierre Trudeau
(10) This former Minister of Finance succeeded Jean Chrétien in 2003, but was replaced by Stephen Harper
when his Liberals lost the 2006 election.
ANSWER: Paul Martin
7. A preliminary analysis of air samples from North Korea shows “radioactive debris consistent with a
North Korea nuclear test.” For ten points each, answer these questions about radioactivity.
(10) In 1896, this French scientist discovered radioactivity while working on phosphorescent materials that
glowed in the dark after exposure to light.
ANSWER: Henri Becquerel
(10) This kind of radioactive decay occurs when a nucleus disintegrates into two or more random smaller
nuclei and other particles.
ANSWER: spontaneous fission
(10) This kind of weapon, opposed to a full nuclear weapon, utilizes predominantly Uranium-238 as
opposed to Uranium-235 in nuclear weapons such as North Koreas that will leave behind a fission track.
ANSWER: depleted uranium weapons
8. For ten points each, answer these questions about an oft-sculpted biblical figure.
(10) This Biblical underdog represented Florence, which had broken free of the much larger and more
powerful Milan.
ANSWER: David
(10) In 1425, this artist sculpted a statue of David that was the first life-size bronze nude since antiquity.
ANSWER: Donatello
(10) This Baroque artist who designed the Four Rivers Fountain sculpted a David which stares fiercely at
the unseen Goliath and reaches strongly across his body for a slingshot.
ANSWER: Gianlorenzo Bernini
9. "Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.” For ten points each, answer these questions about a famous
psychologist.
(10) The first phrase of this man's intellectual analysis, the Clinical Psychology phase, typified his conflict
between science and loyalty to the patient. He is better known for works like The Interpretation of
Dreams.
ANSWER: Sigmund Freud
(10) The second phase of Freud’s inquiry was where the famous theory of the id, the ego and the superego
in a fluid equilibrium were developed. He also began the development of his theories of sexuality. Works
from this period include Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality and The Ego and the Id.
ANSWER: Meta-Psychology
(10) The final phase of Freud’s inquiry included the development of the famous Oedipal theory of
socialization and included his inquiries into religion and social structure. His famous inquiry into societal
norms in Civilization and its Discontents is the defining work of this period.
ANSWER: Psycho-Anthropology (accept Psycho-History)
10. For ten points each, name these Christian sects of the Reformation.
(10) This sect originated in Zurich and then spread throughout Switzerland. Named for a famous
theologian, its key writings include On the Lord’s Supper and Commentary on True and False Religion.
ANSWER: Zwinglian
(10) This sect believed that followers must be baptized as adults.
ANSWER: Anabaptists
(10) This sect was founded by Henry VIII.
ANSWER: Anglican (accept Church of England)
11. Name these Hawaiian islands for ten points each.
(10) This is the island on which Honolulu and Pearl Harbor are located.
ANSWER: Oahu
(10) The capital of this island northwest of Oahu is Lihue.
ANSWER: Kauai
(10) This island near Maui was once the site of a famous leper colony founded by Father Damien.
ANSWER: Molokai
12. Name these common forms of 18th century classical music for ten points each.
(10) Typically the first movement of a work, this form includes an exposition, a development, and a
recapitulation.
ANSWER: sonata form (accept sonata-allegro)
(10) This form begins with a principal theme, moves to a contrasting theme before returning to the
principal theme. It can often be diagrammed as ABACA.
ANSWER: rondo
(10) This dance in three-four time is often used in conjunction with a trio. It was the third movement of the
classical symphony before being replaced by the scherzo.
ANSWER: minuet
13. For ten points each, answer the following questions about the summer “blockbuster” “Snakes on a
Plane.”
(10) This Saturday Night Live cast member plays Troy, the bodyguard of the Howard Hughes-like rapper
3Gs, who survives the entire ordeal.
ANSWER: Kenan Thompson
(10) Samuel L. Jackson protested the change of the name of the movie to this, citing the title as the major
reason that he agreed to the project.
ANSWER: Pacific Air Flight 121
(10) This popular webcomic by Jeffrey Rowland served as an online platform for the promotion of the film
through a series of comics starring Samuel L. Jackson in a character’s dream sequence and through the sale
of a shirt on its TopatoCo online boutique featuring snakes flying a plane worn by Jackson on several
occasions.
ANSWER: Overcompensating (A 100% Real Journal Comic about Things that Actually Happen)
14. For ten points each, identify the following “firsts” among winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature:
(10) This Nigerian writer, poet and playwright was the first African to be honored with the Nobel Prize for
Literature in 1986 for works such as The Swamp Dwellers and The Interpreters.
ANSWER: Akinwande Oluwole (Wole) Soyinka
(10) This Egyptian novelist took the prize in 1988, the only Arabic-language writer ever to do so thus far.
ANSWER: Naguib Mahfouz
(10) This Russian novelist was the first laureate to reject the prize, doing so in 1958. His famous works
include My Sister Life, Second Birth, and Doctor Zhivago.
ANSWER: Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
15. Name the numerical group involved in these famous trials for ten points each.
(10) Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Delliger, and Tom Hayden were among the members of this
group arrested in conjunction with the violent protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in an
eponymous Midwestern city.
ANSWER: Chicago Seven (accept Chicago Eight)
(10) The members of this group, comprised of Jiang Qing, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao
Wenyuan, were put on trial in 1981.
ANSWER: Gang of Four (accept Si ren bang)
(10) The Soviet Union staged this trial of leaders of the Polish Secret State in 1945, accusing them of
collaboration with Nazi Germay and sabotage of the Red Army.
ANSWER: Trial of the Sixteen (accept Proces Szesnastu)
16. For ten points each, answer these questions about medications for depression.
(10) This class of antidepressants includes Prozac. In the brain of a patient taking this type of drug, the
absorption of an important neurotransmitter is prevented.
ANSWER: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(10) This older form of antidepressant prevents the destruction of serotonin and other chemicals like it.
They are left to build up in the brain, causing a surplus of those chemicals, and causing a depressed person
to become happy.
ANSWER: monoamine oxidase inhibitors
(10) These were the first antidepressants, starting with the drug Tofranil (imipramine) which was released
in 1958. They increase the supply of norepinephrine and serotonin, but they also wreak havoc on the other
functions of the brain.
ANSWER: cyclic antidepressants
17. Are the metrical feet in these lines iambic, trochaic, dactylic, or anapestic? For ten points each –
(10) “Tyger, tyger, burning bright”
ANSWER: trochaic
(10) “Of Man’s first disobedience, and the fruit”
ANSWER: iambic
(10) “This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the hemlocks”
ANSWER: dactylic
18. Answer the following questions about the tumultuous reign of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II for ten
points each.
(10) In 1826, Mahmud succeeded in eliminating what former Ottoman military class whose members had
been recruited from non-Muslim Ottoman subjects?
ANSWER: janissary
(10) Name the semi-autonomous Albanian governor of Egypt who opposed Mahmud with French
assistance before the British forced him to negotiate.
ANSWER: Muhammad Ali (accept Mehmet Ali)
(10) Name the Ottoman territory that declared its independence in 1821 and finally succeeded in
establishing an independent state in 1832 after many Western Europeans, including Lord Byron, had
volunteered to fight for them.
ANSWER: Greece
19. Identify these paleogeographic landforms for ten points each.
(10) This supercontinent during the late Paleozoic included modern South America, Africa, India ,
Australia, and Antarctica.
ANSWER: Gondwanaland
(10) This ocean separated Eurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic.
ANSWER: Tethys Sea
(10) This oldest known supercontinent, derived from the Russian word for homeland, existed during the
Precambrian.
ANSWER: Rodinia
20. Name these abstract expressionist artists for ten points each.
(10) Although he trained under the famous regionalist Thomas Hart Benton, this artist denied the verticality
of easel painting and replaced it with the all-over style. He is famous for such works as No. 1 1950 and
Lavender Mist.
ANSWER: Jackson Pollock
(10) It is often debated whether there is a figure lurking behind the color fields in the works of this Latvianborn painter. By 1947, he had abandoned descriptive titles for titles like White Center. His paintings
typically consist of a few large – often rectangular – areas of color.
ANSWER: Mark Rothko
(10) This American painter specialized in canvases with a few strokes of black on a white ground.
ANSWER: Franz Kline