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Name___________________________Date____________________Hour________ 4.3 Succession Primary and Secondary Succession Ecological succession- a series of ___________________________________ that occur in a community over time. Ecosystems change over time as species ___________________________and new species ____________________________in -especially after _______________________________ During succession, the number of different species present typically ____________________. Primary Succession primary succession- changes begin in an area with ________________________________ of an older community o Bare rock o __________________________________________________ o Takes 100+ years ______________________________ Glaciers o ……Leave ______________________________________ Glacier Bay, Alaska, a retreating glacier exposed barren rock. Takes a long time for ___________________________establish themselves on bare rock… Pioneer Species- ____________________________to establish themselves on BARE ROCK _________________________ - 1st to establish themselves on rocks… They fix ____________________________& break down rock to form soil. Certain _____________, like those that colonized Krakatau volcano are _________________. Secondary Succession secondary succession _________________________________________ survives a disturbance Name___________________________Date____________________Hour________ Changes happen more _____________________________________________ Plants and community can re-grow rapidly. Secondary succession often follows a ____________________, ________________________, or other natural disturbance. We think of these events as ______________________, but many species are adapted to them. Secondary succession can also follow human activities like __________________________ and ________________________________. Why Succession Occurs Every organism _______________________________the environment it lives in. Ex.) Lichens add __________________________and form ______________ so that mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. o Organic matter continues to _____________________________________ o Other species _______________________________________________ o Change the environment further. o More species can find suitable niches & survive. Climax Communities Ecologists used to think that succession would produce a _______________climax community. Recent studies have shown that succession doesn’t always follow the same path. Climax communities are not always ________________________& ________________ Succession After Natural Disturbances Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems often reproduces the original ________________ Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. Succession After Human-Caused Disturbances Ecosystems may or may not recover from extensive human-caused disturbances. Ex