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Transcript
Biology Formative Assessment – Week 20 1. The structure of any cell is adapted to its function. All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Which of the following correctly describes prokaryotic cells? A. B. C. D. 2. Plant cells have special parts that enable them to carry out functions necessary for life in plants. What three parts does a plant cell have that many other kinds of organisms do NOT have? A. B. C. D. 3. A nucleus, a cell membrane, a cell wall Mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall Mitochondria, a cell membrane, a nucleus Chloroplasts, a cell wall, a large central vacuole All cells require a source of energy to stay alive. The same organelle in plant and animal cells converts the chemical energy stored in food into forms more usable by the cell. What organelle is this? A. B. C. D. 4. Usually small, with a membrane around its genetic material Usually small, with no membrane surrounding its genetic material Usually connected to other cells, with a membrane surrounding its genetic material Usually connected to other cells, with no membrane surrounding its genetic material Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Ribosome Cells and tissues in the human body have special functions to perform and are structured to carry out these activities. Muscle cells make up muscle tissue, which is attached to bones, forms the walls of the heart, or lines the arteries and digestive tract. What is the special structure of muscle tissue that allows it to carry out its function? A. Bundles of cells that contract and relax B. Cells that contain a protein to carry oxygen C. Cells that produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar D. Long projections from the main part of the cell to a part of the body, such as the hand DCPS Science Department, 2007 – 2008 Biology Formative Week 20 1 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. lipid protein 5. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. Which of the following correctly describes how materials move across the membrane? A. B. C. D. Water is the only material that can move through the membrane. Solute particles only move from the outside to the inside of the cell. Protein channels allow some particles to enter and leave the cell. Diffusion uses energy to move particles like sodium ions across the membrane. Look at the diagram of a beaker containing two sugar solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Sugar molecules are represented by the ● symbol. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● A 6. The process of osmosis moves materials through a selectively permeable membrane. What will osmosis cause to occur in the beaker over time? A. B. C. D. 7. B Sugar molecules will move from A to B. Sugar molecules will move from B to A. Water molecules will move from A to B. Water molecules will move from B to A. Much of the energy needed by cells is used to move particles across cell membranes. What is the process that moves these particles? A. B. C. D. Facilitated diffusion Active transport Simple diffusion Osmosis DCPS Science Department, 2007 – 2008 Biology Formative Week 20 2 8. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are compounds that cells use to store and release energy. Which of the following causes energy to be released? A. The chemical bond between two phosphate groups of an ATP molecule is broken. B. The chemical bond within a phosphate group of an ADP molecule is broken. C. A chemical bond is formed to add a phosphate molecule to an ATP molecule. D. A chemical bond is formed to add a phosphate molecule to an ADP molecule. SHORT RESPONSE 9. In addition to moving materials across cell membranes, the energy of a cell is used for other activities. Describe two other cellular activities that require energy. SHORT RESPONSE 10. The structure of a cellular organelle is related to the function it must perform. Choose one of the following organelles and describe how its structure relates to its function: mitochondrion vacuole DCPS Science Department, 2007 – 2008 Biology Formative Week 20 rough endoplasmic reticulum 3