Download Psychology Mr. Detjen Chapter Reading/Study Guide 8. “Thinking

Psychology
Mr. Detjen
Chapter Reading/Study Guide
8. “Thinking, Intelligence, and Language”
I. Chapter Outline. For each chapter, begin by taking notes on the chapter’s content, by writing a
comprehensive and annotated outline. The purpose of this task is to habituate yourself to taking notes on what
you read. And the more and better and effortfully you “frontload” notes here, the less you will need to re-read
the text when exams roll around. A “comprehensive and annotated” outline is not just a listing of the chapter’s
headings and subsections, but rather a system of note-taking that is your own balance of efficiency and
completeness. The style does not matter (Cornell, bullets, full sentences…); efficient and comprehensive does.
II. Vocabulary. Define the following words completely and comprehensively.
cognition
artificial intelligence (AI)
thinking
concept
prototype model
problem-solving
subgoals
algorithms
heuristics
fixation
functional fixedness
reasoning
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
decision making
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
availability heuristic
base rate fallacy
representative heuristic
mindfulness
open-mindedness
creativity
divergent thinking
convergent thinking
intelligence
validity
reliability
standardization
mental age (MA)
intelligence quotient (IQ)
normal distribution
culture-fair tests
heritability
gifted
intellectual disability
triarchic theory of intelligence
language
infinite generativity
phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics
cognitive appraisal
coping
cognitive reappraisal
III. Section Review Questions. Following each major section of each chapter you will find 3 review questions
that ask you to both summarize and think critically about or analyze the content of the chapter. Answer each of
these in a comprehensive and critically thoughtful paragraph (or more, as needed) of 10-15 sentences.