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Transcript
Chloroplast Structure Green; contains chlorophyll; many in cell if it is photosynthesizing (like a leaf cell) Function A plastid that absorbs sunlight as the 1st step in photosynthesis. Cell Membrane Structure Function Made of lipids with proteins embedded in them (fluid mosaic model); composed of 2 layers of molecules. Separates the cell from its external environment; it gives shape and flexibility to the cell, selectively permeable membrane (lets some things in but not others). Cell Wall Structure Rigid covering of plant cell; made of long chains of cellulose. Function Gives cell shape and protection. Lysosome Structure Membrane structure that looks like a vacuole but is usually smaller. Function Digests unnecessary parts or worn out cell organelles. “The garbage dump” can fuse with vacuoles to digest its contents. Nucleus Structure Filled with protein rich nucleoplasm; contains chromosomes and one nucleolus, held in by a nuclear envelope, one per cell, round and large. Function Site for nucleic acids to be synthesized, directs the activities of the cell, involved in cell division. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure A membrane system composed of folded sacs and tunnels, can be joined to the nuclear envelope; covered with ribosomes (rough ER); or not covered with ribosomes (smooth ER); amounts can vary between cells Function An intracellular highway & as a storage area for proteins to be later exported from the cell. Mitochondria Structure Large organelles; number varies depending on cell type; 2 membranes: smooth outer membrane for a boundary, and an inner membrane with many folds call cristae to increase surface area. Function Respiration centers of the cell; produces ATP; the “Powerhouse” of the cell. Golgi Body (Apparatus) Structure Flat, pancake like stack of membranes Function Packaging, processing, and secreting proteins Cytoplasm Structure Jelly like material found inside the cell membrane; contains water, salts, & organic molecules. Function Surrounds organelles; constantly in motion (cytoplasmic streaming); transports materials. Vacuole Structure Can take up as much as 90% of the volume of cell. Function Large water vacuoles are found in plant cells; stores enzymes and waste products. Centriole Structure 1 pair per cell, sit at right angles to each other; star-like Function Involved in cell reproduction (mitosis) Prokaryote Characteristics Unicellular organisms composed of prokaryotic cells; prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound structures (no true nucleus) Bacteria Examples Eukaryote Characteristics Unicellular or multi-cellular organisms composed of Examples eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Yeast, plants, and animals Ribosome Structure Most numerous of cell organelles; small spherical structure Function Site of protein synthesis (assembling)