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Download 1 - Intro to Electrochemistry
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SCH4U – Electrochemistry 493699228 Date: ________________________ Introduction to Electrochemistry A redox reaction is one where one substance is _______________ while another substance is simultaneously _______________ Oxidation Oxidation occurs when a substance _________ electrons during a chemical reaction Its oxidation number _____________________ (more on this later) Example: Cu(s) Cu2+ + 2 eReduction During reduction, a substance ____________ electrons during a chemical reaction The oxidation number of the substance being reduced is ______________ in the chemical reaction Example: Ag+ + e- Ag(s) Consider: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) Write out the total and net ionic equations Oxidizing Agent An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes another substance to be __________ For example, in the reaction: 2 Ag+ + Cu(s) 2 Ag(s) + Cu2+ Ag+ is the oxidization agent because it causes Cu to be ______________. Ag+ itself is ___________________ Page 1 of 4 SCH4U – Electrochemistry 493699228 Reducing Agent A reducing agent causes another substance to be ____________________ It is ________________ in the process 2 Ag+ + Cu(s) 2 Ag(s) + Cu2+ Cu(s) is the reducing agent as it causes Ag+ to be __________________ Oxidation Numbers Oxidation Numbers are the ___________ or ________________ charge that an element exhibits when it is part of a compound or ion Examples: NaCl CCl4 In ionic compounds, the assignment of oxidation numbers is relatively simple since electrons are _________________ from one atom to another to form the compound Example: NiCl2 In covalent compounds however, electrons are not really ____________________ Instead, _____________________ result from the _______________________ of the electrons involved in the covalent bond In covalent compounds, the _________________ oxidation number is arbitrarily assigned to the element having the greatest _________________________ Page 2 of 4 SCH4U – Electrochemistry 493699228 Rules for Oxidation Numbers 1. Any pure element has an oxidation number of ___________ 2. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals the ________________________ 3. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is ___________ 4. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge ________________________________ 5. The oxidation number of oxygen is always _____ except in peroxides where it is _____ and when bonded to fluorine, it has a charge of _____ 6. The oxidation number of hydrogen is always _____ except in metal hydrides where it is _____ Examples: Na3PO4 CaH2 PCl3 Homework SnCl4 Sn ____ Cl ____ Ca3P2 Ca ____ P ____ SnO Sn ____ O ____ Ag2S Ag ____ S ____ HI H ____ I ____ N2H4 N ____ H ____ Al2O3 Al ____ O ____ S8 S ____ HNO2 H ____ N ____ O2 O ____ H3O+ H ____ O ____ ClO3- Cl ____ O ____ S2O32- S ____ O ____ KMnO4 K ____ (NH4)2SO4 N ____ O ____ Mn ____ O ____ H S ____ ____ Page 3 of 4 O ____ SCH4U – Electrochemistry 493699228 Answers SnCl4 Sn __+4__ Cl __-1__ Ca3P2 Ca __+2__ P __-3__ SnO Sn __+2__ O __-2__ Ag2S Ag __+1__ S __-2__ HI H __+1__ I __-1__ N2H4 N __-2__ H __+1__ Al2O3 Al __+3__ O __-2__ S8 S __0__ HNO2 H __+1__ N O2 O __0__ H3O+ H __+1__ O __-2__ ClO3- Cl __+5__ O __-2__ S2O32- S __+2__ O __-2__ KMnO4 K __+1__ Mn __+7__ O __-2__ (NH4)2SO4 N __-3__ H __+6__ O __+3__ O __+1__ S __-2__ Page 4 of 4 __-2__