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ORGANIC DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PAIRS OF COMPOUNDS FOR CBSE (2 MARKS)
GIVE SIMPLE CHEMICAL TEST TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN FOLLOWING PAIRS OF COMPOUNDS
by A.K.PANDA)
PRIORITY-I
1# Benzyl chloride and Chlorobenzene (AI-2013 ,2014, ?????)
2# Methanol and Ethanol
(AI-2013 , 2014 , ?????????)
3# Phenol and Benzoic acid .(F-12 ,D-10 ,F-10,AI-09 ,F-08 )
4# Ethanol and Ethoxyethane
5# Propanal and Propanone (F-11,AI-09,AI-08)
6# Ethylamine and Aniline. (AI-11 ,AI-10,F-09,F-08) (SP-3)
7# Ethylamine and N-ethylaniline. (AI-2013 ,2014, ?????)
8# t-butylalcohol and Butan-2-ol . (AI-2013 ,2014, ?????)
9# Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate . .(AI-11,AI-09)
10# Acetophenone and Benzophenone. .(F-12 ,AI-09 )
11# Benzalehyde and Acetophenone. (AI-12 , F-12 ,D-11 ,AI-11 ,F-10 )
12# Pentanone -2 and Pentanone-3. .(F-12)
13# Ethanal and Propanal (F-10,D-10,AI-09)
14# Methylamine and dimethylamine(AI-10,AI comptt-10,F-09,F-08)(SP-3)
15# Aniline and benzylamine(F-09)
16# Aniline and N-methylaniline(AI-10-comptt ) (SP-2)
17# Propanol and Propanone (AI-12 ,D-08 )
18# Acetaldehyde and Benzaldehyde. (D-08)
19# Methyl acetate and Ethyl acetate.
20# N-Methylpropan-2-amine and N-Ethyl-N-methylethanamine(SP-2)
REAGENTS
TO
BE
PRIORITY-II
21# Ethanenitrile and Methylcarbylamine
22# Nitromethane and Methyl nitrite
23# Phenol and Ethanol (SP-1)
24# Phenol and cyclohexanol
25# Propanoyl chloride and Propanoic acid.
26# Benzamide and p-Aminobenzoic acid .
27# Propanal and Diethyl ether.
28# Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde
29# Propanol-1 and Propanol-2 (D-10)
30# Butanol and 2-methyl propan-2-ol
31# Propanal and butanone
32# Isopropyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol(SP)
33#Chlorobenzene and cyclohexyl chloride
34# Vinyl Chloride and ethyl chloride
35# Methyl ethanoate and Ethyl ethanoate(SP-1)
36# Vinyl Chloride and Allyl Chloride
37# Formic acid and Acetic acid .
38#
39#
40#
USED ***********
1# Iodoform test [POSITIVE TEST for ethanal, ethanol, --2—one , -2-ol , terminal CH3CO group, acetophenone ]
( NaOH + I2 ) OR (Na 2CO3 + I2 ) OR NaOI (Iodoform tests )--- yellow ppt. of iodoform forms.
2# Test for phenol
(a) Neutral Ferric Chloride solution  Phenol gives violet colour complex with neutral FeCl3.
(b) Bromine water test:Phenol and Aniline readily decolourises bromine water giving a white ppt. of 2,4,6-tribromophenol /2,4,6tribromoaniline
3# Test for Aldehydes and Formic acid
(a)Tollen’s Reagent (ammoniacal AgNO 3 solution)--- silver mirror appears.
(b) Fehling’s solution(alkaline sol. Of CuSO4 + sod.pot.tartarate)---- redish brown ppt. of cuprous oxide forms.
4# TEST FOR ALCOHOLS[ Na metal test] -- hydrogen gas evolved (effervescence) [ether does not responds this test]
5# TEST FOR CARBOXYLIC ACIDS [NaHCO3 solution ]----carbon dioxide evolves with acids. (effervescence)
6# ISOCYANIDE TEST OR CARBYLAMINE TEST ( test for primary amine)
CHCl3 + alcoholic KOH solution----an offensive smell of isocyanide results when treated with primary amine .
7# AZODYE TEST [Test for primary aromatic amines]
( NaNO2 +HCl) and beta-napthol (diazo test)----an orange or red dye will appear with primary aromatic amine
8# Hinsberg’s reagent ( benzene sulphonyl chloride and KOH ) ----To distinguish p-,s-,t- amines
Both 10 and 20 Amine reacts with benzene sulphonyl chloride ,the reaction product of 1 0 amine soluble in KOH due to presence of
acidic hydrogen but 20 Amine does not.
30 Amine does not react at all with benzene sulphonyl chloride
09# TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION [aq.NaOH and AgNO3 test ] -- white ppt. of AgCl forms due to free chloride ion
[ In a compound when Cl attached with SP3 carbon responds this test—easy for Nucleophilic Substitution reaction]
10# Lucas Test ( anh. ZnCl2 + conc.HCl )---( turbidity appears immediately for tert-alcohol, after 5 minutes for sec –alcohol ,
after heating with primary alcohol )
11# Acidic hydrolysis of ester + Iodoform test. ( to distinguish methyl acetate and ethyl acetate )
12 # Reduction ( LiAlH4 ) and carbylamine test . (for nitrile and isonitrile)
BRUSH-UP your ORGANIC CHEM-II In (NAME REACTION
I # Match the following :Column-A
AND DISTINCTION OF ORG CPDS.)
Column-B
1. Neutral Ferric Chloride solution
2. Iodoform test
3. AZODYE TEST ( NaNO2 +HCl) and beta-napthol
4. aq.NaOH and AgNO3 test
5. Hinsberg’s reagent ( benzene sulphonyl chloride and KOH)
6. Tollen’s Reagent (ammoniacal AgNO 3 solution )
7. Lucas Test ( anh. ZnCl2 + conc.HCl )
8. NaHCO3 solution
9. ISOCYANIDE TEST OR CARBYLAMINE TEST
10. Fehling’s solution(alkaline sol. Of CuSO4 + sod.pot.tartarate
A. Test for carboxylic acid
B.. Test for p- , s- t- alcohol
C.. Test for p- , s- t- amines
D.. Test for any aldehyde
E . Test for phenol
F. Test for chloride
G. Test for alphatic and aromatic 10-amine
H. Test for aromatic 10-amine
I. Test for ethanol. Ethanal , acetophenone
II # Which one will respond + ve test for the reagent
1# NaOH + I2 ( Propanal and ethanal) .
2# Neutral FeCl3 solution( Phenol , acetic acid )
3# Ammoniacal AgNO 3 solution ( Propanone and propanal)
4# NaHCO3 solution ( benzoic acid and phenol )
5# CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH ( ethanamine and N-ethyl ethanamine)
6# Benzene sulphonyl chloride .( 20amine and 30amine)
7# ( NaNO2 +HCl) and beta-napthol ( CH3NH2 and Aniline )
8# anh. ZnCl2 + conc.HCl (Isopropyl alcohol , propanone)
9# aq.NaOH and AgNO3 test ( chlorobenzene ,cyclohexylchloride)
10# alkaline sol. Of CuSO4 + sod.pot.tartarate ( acetone and acetaldehyde)
11# Hinsberg’s reagent (Methylamine and dimethylamine )
12# Tollen’s Test ( formic acid and acetic acid )
13# aq.NaOH and AgNO3 test (Benzyl chloride and Chlorobenzene)
14# Acidic hydrolysis of ester + Iodoform test. ( Methyl acetate and Ethyl acetate)
15# Na-metal test ( Ethanol and Ethoxyethane )
III# Give the reagent and name the Test to distinguish between
(a) Formic acid and Acetic acid
(c) Acetophenone and benzophenone
(e) Benzenamine and ethanamine
(g) Ethanal and propanal .
(b) Vinyl chloride and chloroethane
(d) Isopropyl alcohol and propanol
(f) Methanamine and N-methylmethanamine
(h) 2 0 and 30 Amine
IV# Do As Directed ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1.What is the major product of Gabriel Pthalimide reaction.-------------------------------------2.Name the reagent of HVZ reaction .------------------------------------------------------------3.In which name reaction , migration of an alkyl or aryl group takes place from carbonyl carbon of the amide to the nitrogen .--------------4. Name the organic name reaction where you will see disproportionation reaction .-----------------------------5.Which will undergo aldol condensation themselves ? ( acetone , benzaldehyde , ,acetophenone , propanal)
6.Which is more reactive towards and Nucleophilic addition reaction ? ( Benzaldehyde , propanal)
7. What is the major product of Stephen Reaction ? -------------------------------------------------------8. Benzene is converted to benzaldehyde in One step . Name the reagent /catalyst and Idntify the Name Reaction ?
9. A phenol is treated with NaOH and CO2 and acidification we get salicylic acid ( name the reaction) and then through acetylation we
get ASPIRIN ------------------------------------------------------------10. What similarities you get when both aniline and phenol react with bromine water ? ------------------------------------------------------------11. Name two dehydrating agent ? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. What happens when 2-methoxy -2-methyl propane is treated with HI . -------------------------------------------13. What are the products obtained when 20-bromo-2 methyl propane is treated with sodium ethoxide .
14. In nucleophic substitution, reaction product a racemised one then the SN reaction goes through ( SN 1 and SN2) .
15. Give two application of Formaldehyde .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. Name the reagent of Fridel Craft reaction ? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------17. Name the reaction where benzoyl chloride is converted into benzaldehyde ion one step ..------------------------18. Name the reaction where Acetone is converted into propane in one step? -----------------------------------------------19. When propyne is hydrated in presence of Hg ++ and conc. H2SO4 , what is the Major product ----------------------20. Name the reaction where 10 amine treated with CHCl3 and ethanolic KOH and RNC is produced as maj.product .
21# What happens in Hoffman bromamide reaction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22# Name the reaction where alpha H is replaced by chlorine in presence of Red-P and I2 --------------------------------------------------23# Name the reaction where acid halide changes to aldehyde ----------------------------------------------------------------------------24# Write the two products when acetophenone is treated with NaOH and I 2 -------------------------------------------------------------25# Write the str. Of the product when benzene diazonium chloride is treated with phenol in presence of NaOH -----------------------------
Distinguish By a Single Chemical Test
1. All aldehydes ( R-CHO) give Tollens’ Test and produce silver mirror.
RCHO + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3 OH-  RCOO- + 2 Ag
Tollens’ Reagent
+ 2H2O + 4 NH3
silver ppt
Note: HCOOH(methanoic acid ) also gives this test, ketones(RCOR) do not give this test
2. All aldehydes (R-CHO) and ketones(RCOR) give 2,4-DNP test
RCOR + 2,4-DNP  Orange ppt
R-CHO + 2,4-DNP  Orange ppt
3. Aldehydes and ketones having CH3CO- (keto methyl) group give Iodoform Test. Alcohols having CH3CHgroup also give Iodoform Test.
|
OH
CH3CHO + 3I2 + 4 NaOH  CHI3
+ HCOONa + 3 NaI + 3H2O
Yellow ppt
The following compounds give Iodoform Test: ethanol (C2H5OH), propan-2-ol (CH3CH(OH)CH3),
ethanal(CH3CHO), propanone(CH3COCH3), butanone ( CH3COCH2CH3) , pentan-2-one (CH3COCH2
CH2CH3) , acetophenone ( PhCOCH3 )
4. All carboxylic acids ( R-COOH) give Bicarbonate Test
RCOOH + NaHCO3  RCOONa + CO2
+ H2O
effervescence
5. Phenol gives FeCl3 Test
C6H5OH + FeCl3  (C6H5O)3Fe + 3 HCl
(neutral)
(violet color)
6. All primary amines (R/Ar -NH2) give Carbyl Amine Test
R-NH2 + CHCl3 + KOH(alc)  R-NC + KCl + H2O
offensive smell
7. Aniline gives Azo Dye Test ( Only for aromatic amines)
C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + HCl  C6H5N2+Cl- ;
then add β-naphthol  orange dye
8. All alcohols (ROH) give Na-metal test
R-OH + Na  R-ONa + H2
bubbles
9. For esters (RCOOR) : Hydrolyses first. Then see the products ( acid & alcohol) and give a test to identify
them
10. All alkenes (C=C) and alkynes (C≡C) decolorizes Br2 – water from red to colorless
11. Lucas Test to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
Lucas reagent: ZnCl2/HCl
30-alcohol + Lucas reagent  immediate turbidity
20-alcohol + Lucas reagent  turbidity after sometime
10-alcohol + Lucas reagent  no turbidity