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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW SHEET:
FINAL EXAM
In addition to the following chapters, you will also have to know the attached diagrams.
CHAPTER 7: MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Know the four characteristics of skeletal muscle.
2. Know the structure of muscle. Terms included are epimysium (fascia), muscle fasciculi, perimysium, muscle
fiber, endomysium, myofibril.
3. Know what a sarcomere is and the terms associated with it.
4. Understand the concept of membrane potential.
5. Know what muscle innervation is and the terms associated with it.
6. Know muscle twitch, tetany, and recruitment and associated terms.
7. Know the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
8. Know the difference between fast and slow fibers.
9. Know the differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
10. Know the terms associated with the general principles of muscle anatomy.
11. Know the types of movement. (page 140; even though this is Chapter 6, this info. is relevant)
CHAPTER 8: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Know the cells of the nervous system, types of neurons, neuroglia, and myelin sheaths.
Know the terms associated with the organization of nervous tissue.
Understand the concept of the propagation of impulses, including the synapse and neuronal circuits.
FOR CNS: Know the 4 major regions and their parts as well as associated terms (incl. memory, where different
senses are interpreted, etc.)
5. Know meninges, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid.
6. FOR PNS: Know the # and characteristics of each kind of nerve.
7. Know the general functions of the somatomotor, autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Also the afferent/efferent divisions.
CHAPTER 9: THE GENERAL AND SPECIAL SENSES
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Know the 6 kinds of free nerve endings.
Know the general senses and be able to distinguish them from the special senses.
Know the different kinds of pain. (ex. sharp, dull…)
Know the 4 taste sensations.
Know the 5 accessory structure of the eye.
Know the anatomy of the eye, in terms of the 3 layers and associated terms.
Know the terms associated with the ear and hearing.
Understand the 2 kinds of equilibrium.
CHAPTER 11: THE BLOOD
1. Know the 7 functions of blood.
2. What are the two main components of blood? What is the average total blood volume in a male/female.
3. What is plasma?
4. What are the three main proteins and their functions that make up plasma?
5. What are the three types of formed elements? What are their functions?
6. What is hemoglobin? Know its composition and function.
7. What are the two main divisions of leukocytes? Be able to name and describe the subdivisions under
each one.
8. What are the four blood types?
9. Know the chart that I gave you on blood types, antibodies, antigens, and donors/recipients.
10. What is done when blood is typed and crossmatched?
KEY TERMS: hematopoiesis, stem cells, ameboid movement, megakaryocytes, macrophages,
agglutination, hemolysis, Rh blood group, erythroblastosis fetalis
DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS
1. What is a drug?
2. Where is cocaine/marijuana grown?
3. How is meth/heroin made?
4. How is cocaine/marijuana/heroin/meth/ecstasy/rohypnol/percocet administered?
5. Describe the mechanism of cocaine/marijuana/heroin/meth.
6. Describe the appearance of cocaine/marijuana/heroin/meth.
7. What are the 2 kinds of cocaine?
8. Name the slang terms for cocaine/marijuana/heroin/meth.
9. What is the main ingredient in marijuana/ecstasy?
10. What is meth made from? What is heroin derived from?
11. Who discovered nitrous?
12. What are the 3 categories of prescription drugs?
13. Give examples for each category.
14. Why is percocet so dangerous? Why is it abused?
15. How many schedules are there to classify prescription drugs? Give a general description for each one.
16. Know the chart classifying the 8 drugs we talked about.
DIAGRAMS
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