Download period_2_lecture

Period 2 (600CE-1450CE) Lecture—22% of the AP questions are from this time period!
Essential Vocabulary
1. Allah
2. Arabesque
3. Astrolabe
4. Battle of Tours
5. Caliph/khalif
6. Dar al-Islam
7. Five Pillars
8. Hadith
9. Jihad
10. jizya
11. Ka’aba
12. Mamluks
13. Minaret
14. Mosque
15. People of the
Book
16. Ramadan
17. Shariah
18. Shi’ite
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Sufis
Sultan
Umma
Zakat
Abacus
Bakufu
Bushi
Bushido
Celadon
Daimyo
Flying money
Footbinding
Gempei wars
Junks
Kowtow/tribute
Neo-Confucianism
Samurai
Scholar gentry
Seppuku
I) Islam, Islam Islam!! (The Rise and Spread of…)
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Serf
Shinto
Shogun
Shogunate
Tea Ceremony
Benefice
Chivalry
Excommunication
Feudalism
Fief
Gothic
Architecture
Investiture
Magna Carta
Manorialism
Moldboard plow
parliament
vassal
age grade
56. Austronesian
57. Bantu-speaking
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
peoples
Black Death
caravel
griots
kamikaze
Khan
Lateen sail
Malay sailors
Maori
Middle Kingdom
Ming Dynasty
Pax Mongolica
Renaissance
Steppe diplomacy
Syncretism
Yuan Dynasty
A) Muhammad
1) Born 570, ___________________
2) Mecca—religious center, home of the ___________________
3) Qu’ran revealed 610—strict, strict monotheism
4) God’s name: ___________________
5) Unpopular idea at first—fled Mecca 622—called the ___________________
6) 629, returned, formed Muslim community called ___________________
7) 632, died with no heir
B) Islam (means: _________________)
1) Three sources of literature for faith
(a) Q_________________
(b) H_________________
(c) S_________________
2) Five _________________
(a) _________________
(b) _________________
(c) Fasting during _________________
(d) Alms-giving, called _________________
(e) Pilgrimage, _________________
C) Sunni vs. Shi’ite
1) Abu Bakr chosen to follow Muhammad as _________________
2) Then Umar, then Uthman—assassinated by “Shi’ites”
3) Ali appointed caliph, assassinated in 661
4) Strife between followers of Ali and Umayyads (relatives of Uthman). Umayyads win.
5) Umayyad Dynasty—661-750
D) Rapid expansion of religion
1) Sassanid Persia by 651, India to Spain by 8th Century—military conquest
2) Not by the sword—voluntary conversion (conversion frowned upon)
E) Umayyad Dynasty (661-750)
1) Capital—Damascus
2) Conversion of non-Arabs frowned upon
3) People of the Book respected, paid tax called: _________________
4) Riots by poorly governed (and angry Shi’ites) helped end dynasty
5) Conquered by Abbasid in 750, fled to Spain (Caliphate of Cordoba)
F) Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258—why is the second date important??)
1) “IC”
(a) Capital—Baghdad, universities, learning centers
(b) Golden Age of Islam
(c) _________________numerals transmitted
(d) Learning of the Greeks fostered (later transmitted back to Europe after
_________________)
(e) Mathematics—algebra, geometry, trigonometry flourish
(f) Mystics called _________________ conduct missionary work—very popular
2) Corruption of Dynasty
(a) High taxes, unfair landlords hurt gov’t
(b) Starting in 945 Persian and Turkish slave soldiers/invaders assume power
(c) 1095 Turks called _________________ take Jerusalem, prompting Crusades
(d) 1258, last Abbasid Caliph executed by _________________
(e) Mongols stopped in Egypt by slave soldiers called _________________
G) Al-Andalus--Muslim Spain
1) Expansion stopped at the Battle of _________________, 732
2) Critical for cultural diffusion to Europe
H) Further Expansions:
1) India--_________________Sultanate, 1206-1526
2) Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
(a) Important role as _________________
3) Africa
(a) _________________ Africa: Ghana, Mali, Songhay
i Gold and salt trade
ii Mansa Musa—1312-1323 (rule)
(b) _________________ Africa: Mogadishu, Mombassa, Kilwa
i Ibn Batuta visited
4) Conversion top down (elites first)
5) Role of women generally lowered in African societies converted
I) Role of women and slaves
1) “Bad”: polygamy, harem, hejab all develop by time of Abbasids
2) “Good”: equal before Allah, divorce, infanticide forbidden, remarry
3) Slaves
(a) No Muslim could be enslaved
(b) Slaves often freed, esp. on _________________ to Islam
II) China, China, China!!
A) After fall of _________________ 3 centuries of disorder
B) Brief Sui Dynasty: (589-618)
C) Tang Dynasty (618-907)
1) Expanded into Central Asia
2) “Steppe Diplomacy”
3) Scholar-gentry and bureaucracy important
4) Buddhism still popular early—Empress Wu (690-705)
5) Fear of wealth of monasteries caused Buddhism to lose favor, revival of _________________
6) 906-970—Tang lose the _________________, nomads run amok
D) Song Dynasty (907-1279)
1) Not as strong as Tang—they paid _________________ to nomads (Khitan)
2) Neo-Confucianism arises—blend of Confucianism and Buddhism (more C than B)
(a) Civil Service Exams achieve greater importance
(b) Scholar Gentry gain more power
3) Nomads continue to chase them around—Southern Song










Tang Achievements
Song Achievements
Silk Road trade
 Overseas trade continued
Indian Ocean Trade
 Catapults, rocket launchers, flame-throwers
Junks (really, good ships)
 Movable metal type
Paper money
 Compass and abacus
“Flying money” –checks, credit slips
 Footbinding
More canals
 With more Confucianism, came greater role for men
Gunpowder invented
 Landscape paintings
Tea and rice more in use
South grows more populated than North
Poetry big
Look for change and continuity!! Include Zhou, Qin, Han!!
E) Influence in East Asia
Japan
F)
G)
H)
I)
III)
A)
Korea
Vietnam
1) 5500BCE Huang He River Valley in _____________ cultivation of ___________/___________
(a) Also three animals: ___________/____________/___________
2) 3500BCE SE Asia root crops, yams and taro, fruits
3) 4000BCE Central Mexico (other name? ________________) maize, corn—later: beans, squash,
tomatoes, peppers-always remember, Americas had a ____________ ag system
4) 3000BCE Andean Region (later inhabited by? ______________) potatoes, later maize and beans
(a) animals: llama, alpaca and guinea pig (yes, for food)
5) What is key to understand about the last two regions? I________________________
Methods of ag spread in Afro-Eurasia—4000BCE in Northern Europe
1) Girding and more importantly: _____________________
More food equals larger settlements
1) Jericho—8000BCE (Where? ___________)
2) Catal Huyuk—7000BCE (Where? ___________)
3) Walls, trade, artifacts, specialization of labor
Metallurgy:
1) Copper, bronze, gold, iron
All led to the development of cities
Early Civilizations (The Big Five—four sim and one stands out…)
Mesopotamia
1) Early bronze civ around 4000BCE
2) 3500BCE, invaders, _________________ move in
(a) writing system: _________________
B)
C)
D)
E)
IV)
A)
(b) number system based on 60
(c) built towers called _________________
3) Government needed to control flooding of _________________ and _________________
4) Patriarchal society
5) Akkadians and Babylonians take over—code of law: _________________
Egypt
1) 3000BCE
2) Nile River, irrigation
3) Leader called ______________
4) Polytheistic
5) Writing system: _________________
6) _________________ society also
Indus Valley Civ
1) 2500BCE
2) Two major cities: _________________ and _________________
3) Flooding also, sewage system
4) 1500BCE overrun by _________________ civilization (later gave rise to classical India)
Shang China (Huang He)
1) 1766-1122BCE
2) Bronze and iron (ca. 1000BCE)
3) _________________ bones as a form of divination (telling the future)
4) At first matrilineal, then patriarchal
5) Human sacrifice practiced
6) Fell to Zhou Dynasty in 1122—Zhou called this __________________________________
Mesoamerica and Andes Civs
1) Later than others
2) Less interaction than Afro-Eurasia—topography and no _________________
3) Mesoamerica: Olmecs, Maya
(a) Pyramids, calendars, ritual ball games
(b) Quetzalcoatl—important for later interaction with _________________
(c) Mayans (height 300CE)
i System of writing
ii Zero
iii Astronomy and eclipses
iv Got the year almost right
(d) Andes—Moche Culture (pre-Incan)
i Irrigation, maize
Classical Civilizations
China:
1) Zhou(1122-258BCE)
(a) Mandate of heaven
2) Qin (221-202BCE)
(a) Gave China its name
(b) Great Wall started
(c) Standardization or weights and measurements
(d) Big on silk
3) Han (202BCE-220-CE)
(a) Civil service exam
(b) Silk Roads!!
(c) Many canals built
(d) Paper invented
(e) The big classic Chinese civ
B) India
1) Aryans (overtook Harappan civ ca. 1500)
(a) Religious texts: ____________________
i R_________________
ii M_________________
(b) Varnas:
i _________________
ii _________________
iii _________________
iv _________________
v _________________??
(c) Alexander in 327BCE
(d) Mauryan Empire (322-155 BCE)
i _________________ (269-232)
ii Buddhist, era of peace
(e) Gupta Empire (320-550CE)
i Hindu
ii Classical age of India
iii Sanskrit
iv Zero, “Arabic” numerals
v Decimal system
vi Women lose power, _________________
vii Smallpox inoculations, plastic surgery
C) Persia
1) Rivals to Greece and Rome
2) Religion: _________________
3) Persian Royal Road!! 1600 miles. Basically linked India and Mediterranean world
D) Greece and Rome—on your own!!
V) Early Religions
Polytheism
Hinduism
Buddhism









Stems from
animism
Greece,
Rome,
Egypt,
Sumeria
Brahmans
Karma
Moksha
Dharma
No beef
vedas






VI)
Interactions
reform of
Hinduism
Gautama
(563BCE)
Nirvana
Four-Noble
Truths
Eightfold
Path
Bodhisattvas
Mahayana/T
heravada
Confuc
ianism




Confucius(5
51-478
BCE)
Filial piety
Analects
Social order
Daoism
Judaism
Christianity








Lao-zi
5th Cent.
BCE
The Way
Yin/yang
Natural
balance of
universe



Monotheism
Abraham
(2000BCE)
Ten
Commandments
Covenant
with
Yahweh
diaspora




early stuff
on your
own—dude
named Jesus,
etc.
313—Edict
of Milan!!
381—official
religion
popes
fall of
western
rome—
Byzantine/o
rthodox
Chris. Later
spread to
Russia
A) Decline of Empires:
Han China









Heavy taxes
Loss of Confucian ideals (blame Buddha
and Yellow Turbans)
Disease and pop decline
Poor Harvests
Weak Emperors
Decline in Trade
Nomads—Hsiiung-nu
Sui Dynasty in 589
Unequal land distribution
Rome











Weak Emperors
Influence of Military leaders
Decline in trade
Disease and pop decline
Poor harvests
Vastness of Empire
Unequal land distribution (latifundia)
Social and moral decay (hedonism)
Barbarian Invasions—Huns/Visigoths
Fall in 476CE
Justinian(527-565) attempts to restore—
fails—seals fate
Gupta







Nomadic Invasions
Buddhism declines
Hinduism resurgance
Local princes—Rajput
No real unity until Delhi Sultanate
Islam connection to Rome, not China
B) Trade Interactions
1) Kush (750BCE conquers ______________) and Axum (300CE conquers______________) in
East Africa
2) Silk Road!! Rome to China and vice-versa
3) Indian Ocean: China, Malaysia, Southeast Asia, Persia—soon to be replaced by: ____________
4) Trans-Saharan Trade:
(a) camels, gold, salt, olive oil, wheat,