Download Biology Midterm Review Sheet

Midterm Review Sheet
Unit 1 – Characteristics of Life
1. What are the seven characteristics of living things?
Unit 2 – The Chemistry of Life Fill in the Blank Questions: Use the word bank to fill in the correct
term.
Protein
Carbon
living
lipid
1. If a molecule is organic that means it comes from a ____________ thing.
2. The element ____________ is in ALL organic molecules.
3. _______________ is an organic compound that helps to insulate the body and store energy
for a long time.
4. _______________ is an organic compound that helps build muscles, bones and hair.
Enzyme
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Carbohydrate
5. ______________ is an organic compound that is our main source of energy or fuel.
6. ______________ is an organic compound that is made of Amino Acids.
7. ______________ is an organic compound that has the directions for making new cells.
8. An _______________ speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
denatured
heat
over and over
specific
9. Enzymes are ____________ they only work on one kind of molecule, so we need LOTS of
them!
10. Enzymes can be used _____________, they do not break down!
11. Enzymes don’t break down or change shape unless you ____________ them.
12. If an enzyme is heated it will become _________________ which means that it changes shape
and can’t be used anymore.
Unit 3 – Cells
1. Know the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote; give examples of each
Prokaryote_____________________________________________________________
Eukaryote______________________________________________________________
2. Describe the function of the components of the membrane
Label #3-6
3. Cell membrane
4. Cytoplasm
5. Mitochondria
6. Nucleus
7. Name two things found in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. How does the shape of a plant cell differ from that of an animal cell?
______________________________________________________________________
9. What is the function of the chloroplasts?
______________________________________________________________________
10. What is the function of the vacuole?
True or False? If the following is False, correct the underlined word.
1) ____The particles moving from the high to low concentration would be active transport.
2) ____ The movement of particles from high to low concentration through a carrier protein
would be called facilitated diffusion.
3) ____Active transport moves materials from less crowded areas to more crowded areas (low
concentration to higher concentration)
4) ____Both osmosis and active transport can move materials through the cell membrane
5) ____Molecules moving from a more crowded area to a less crowded area (higher
concentration to a lower concentration) are called active transport.
6) ____No energy is needed with passive transport
7) ____ When a container of air freshener is sprayed, the molecules move from a higher
concentration to a lower concentration just like in passive transport.
8) ____ Trying to fit a couch through a small door would require energy, just like movement of
a big molecule through a cell membrane. This would be an example of Passive transport.
Cell Cycle
Part I - Diagram Matching: Match the appropriate picture with the phase.
A.
B.
C.
1. ________ Prophase
3. ________ Anaphase
2. ________ Metaphase
4. ________ Telophase
Part II - Use the word bank below to fill in the phases of the cell cycle.
f. metaphase
D.
Part III Matching: (choices may be used more than once).
5.________ Nuclear membrane reforms and 2 new cells form.
A - Prophase
6.________ Sister chromatids move apart.
B- Metaphase
7.________ Nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes pack.
C - Anaphase
8.________Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
D– Telophase
Unit 4 – Cellular Energy- Photosynthesis and Respiration
Word Bank:
Chloroplast
Anaerobic
Autotroph
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Reactants
ATP
Products
Heterotroph
Aerobic
Cellular Respiration
Use the words provided in the above word bank to complete the sentences.
1. ______________________ are organisms that do not make their own food.
2. In a chemical reaction, ____________________________ is what is put in the reaction.
3. The process that plants make their own food is called _____________________________.
4. _____ is the fuel or energy of all living things.
5. Photosynthesis happens in the __________________________________ of the plant cell.
6. ____________________ _______________________ is the process that all organisms take
food to make energy.
7. __________________processes use oxygen and make a lot of energy.
8. An ______________________________ is an organism that makes its own food through
photosynthesis.
9. Processes that do not use oxygen and make a small amount of ATP is
______________________.
10. Cellular respiration happens in the __________________________.
11. The _________________________ of a chemical reaction is what comes out of the reaction.
Unit 5 – DNA Structure, Replication and Protein Synthesis
Mitosis
Double helix
Watson
Y
Base
Nucleus
Sugar
Meiosis
T
Genes
Crick
X
Phosphate
G
1. DNA is found in the _________________ of the cell.
2. Males have 1 ___ and 1 ___ chromosome.
3. ____________ are located on DNA strands.
4. Name 2 people who helped to discover DNA: ___________________ and ________________
5. Name 2 things that make up the “twisted ladder” of DNA:
1.
2.
6. Name the 3 parts that make up the nucleotides.
1.
2.
3.
7. In DNA, base A always joins with ____ and base C always joins with _____.
8. DNA replication occurs during ________________ and _________________.
9. The bases will only bind at the _________________.
10. The shape of DNA is a ____________________________________.
11. The picture above shows the
process of DNA replication. What
first step in DNA replication??
is the
12. Match the strand below with the correct bases that would bind together:
A
T
A
C
G
G
T
C
A
G
G
T
C
C
T
A
G
1. Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
a. _________________ b. ________________ c. ______________ d. ________________
2. Name the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA.
a. _________________ b. _________________ c. _____________ d. ________________
3. DNA has the sugar ____________, while RNA has the sugar __________________.
4. DNA is a ______________ helix, and RNA is a _____________________ strand.
5. In DNA A’s pair with ____________ and G’s
pair with _____________.
6. In RNA A’s pair with ____________ and G’s
pair with ________________.
7. Use the DNA code provided and fill in the
complementary DNA strand.
ATTACGCAG
___________
8. What are the three types of RNA?
a. _______________________ b.
________________ c. ____________________
9. What is the function of mRNA?
_______________________________________
10. Use the DECODING WHEEL to DETERMINE the
AMINO ACID that corresponds to the mRNA
CODE given.
mRNA CODE
UUU
CAU
GAG
AMINO ACID