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Chapter 3
The Biosphere
Guided Notes
Interactions & Interdependence
1. Ecology studies the _________________ among organisms & between organisms and their environment.
Levels of Organization
2. Species ________________ Communities ________________ Biome
Ecological Methods of Study
3. There are 3 main methods of research
1)
2)
3)
Energy Flow
4. The _______________ is the main energy source for life on Earth.
5. Some types of organisms rely on energy stored in inorganic_________________ compounds. The make
their food by ________________________.
Example: Bacteria in underwater vents
6. Organisms that make their own food are ________________ or ______________.
7. Organisms that can’t make their own food are __________________ or _____________.
8. There are 5 main types of consumers:
1) Herbivores only eat __________
2) Carnivores only eat __________
3) Omnivores eat both __________& __________.
4) Detritivores eat plant & animal ___________.
5) Decomposers Break down organic matter.
Feeding Relationships
9. Energy flows through an ecosystem in _______ direction.
Sun ProducerConsumers
10. The energy stored by producers can be passed through an ecosystem along a ________ ________= a series
of steps in which an organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
11. A ________ ______ is a complex system of many food chains that links an ecosystem together.
12. Each step in a food chain or food web is called a ________ ________. Producers make up the ________
trophic level.
Ecological Pyramids
13.
There are 3 main types of pyramids
1) Energy Pyramid
2) Biomass Pyramid
3) Pyramid of Numbers
14.
Only ________ of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next
trophic level. The other ________ is used up by the organisms that are eaten for their everyday process like
breathing, reproduction, etc.
Cycles of Matter
15.
Unlike energy, matter is ___________ within and between ecosystems in Biogeochemical Cycles.
16.
The Water Cycle is the process by which water moves through the ocean, atmosphere, and land. It
includes ______________,_____________, ______________, &______________. (along with root uptake
and runoff)
17.
Evaporation: the process by which water changes from ________ to ________.
18.
Transpiration: the process by which water evaporated from the leaves of plants.
19.
Nutrient Cycles:
1)
2)
3)