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Unit 9 Chapter 12
America in World War II
Skeleton Notes
United States in Isolationism 1920 -1941
 Washington Navel Conference –
 Kellog-Briand Peace Pact (1928)  PreGood Neighbor Policy
The Origin/Causes of World War II
 Rise of Dictatorships
o Joseph Stalin – Russian Revolution –
o Adolf Hitler – German Nationalism Socialists
 Eugenics
 Fascism
 Nazis
o Benito Mussolini – Italian Dictator
 Failure of League of Nations
o Without United States & Russia struggled
o No enforcement or backing
 Germany Militarism
 Italy Attacking Ethiopia
o Japan invading Manchuria
 Munich Appeasement Conference
o Sudetenland – many Germans lived in Czechoslovakia
o Britian & France appeased Germans takeover of Sudetenland
 Giving into a potential enemy to promote peace
o Britain and France were seen as weak in Germany’s eyes
 Germany invades Poland-Start of World War II
o Joint Secret Alliance with Russia
o Blitzkrieg
America Preparing for War
o Neutrality Acts (1935-1937) –
o Cash & Carry
o Quarantine Speech (1937)
o Japan v. China
 Flying Tigers
 Preparations for War


Lend-Lease Act
Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill
America Enters the War
o Tensions with Japan
o Embargo on Japan – cut supplies
o Pearl Harbor
o Dec 7th, 1941
o USS Arizona
Americans on the Home Front
o War Bonds
o 350 Billion
o United States shift from creditor to debtor nation
o Industrialization
o Rationing
o Official end of Great Depression
o Victory Gardens
o Office of War
o Propaganda of World War II
 Office of War Information (OWI)
 Voice of America
o Women & African Americans
o Women’s Army Corps
o Rosie the Riveter
o Minorities during World War II
 Battle on two fronts: enemy oversees and prejudices at home
 Tuskegee Airman
 Native American
o Executive Order 9066
o Japanese Internment
 Korematsu v. United States
 Conditions in these Internment Camps
The War in Europe
o The Americans War Strategy
o Germany First than Asia
o Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
o Africa and Italy – Southern Front
o Britain and the United States coming from the South
 General George Patton
o Allies invade France and Germany in Europe – Western Front
o D-Day – First Invasion of Europe by Americans
 Normandy
 Dwight Eisenhower – European Commander
 Omar Bradley
o Battle of the Bulge
 German Offensive
 Germany will be surrounded on all Fronts
 Africa & Italy –Southern Front
 British, France and U.S. on Western Front
 Russia from Eastern Front
 Vernon Baker – African American Soldier-Medal of Honor
The Holocaust
o Genocide of the Jews
o Final Solution
o Concentration Camps
o Extermination Camps
o Liberation of Camps by the United States
The War in Asia
o Japan had its way early in World War II
o Bataan Death March (1942)
 Philippines 60 mile march
o The War turns on Japan
 Navajo Code Talkers
 Messages that helped the United States
 Battle of Midway – Strategy “Island Hopping”
 Turning point of War in Asia
 Admiral Chester Nimitz – Commander Asian Forces
 Destroyed 4 Japanese Air Craft Carriers
o Noteworthy Famous Battles
 Battle of Guadalcanal
 Iwo Jima
 Okinawa
o Douglas MacArthur – General of the Pacific and Island Hopping
o George C. Marshall – Chief of Staff “organizer of victory”
The Atomic Bomb Decision
o Albert Einstein & German Scientist Oppenheimer
o Manhattan Project
o Death of FDR = Decision by Harry S. Truman
o Invade Japan or Drop the Atomic Bomb
 Hiroshima & Nagasaki
 High Profile Cities for War Production
Legacy of World War II
o V-E DAY
o V-J Day
o Statistics
o US Soldiers Killed = 292,000
o US Troops wounded = 692,000
o Over 100 million military personnel fought in WWII – largest in history
o Deaths worldwide =70 Million
o Atomic Bomb Casualties = 230,000
o Majority of causalities in Atomic Bomb were civilians – deadliest conflict in
history
o Nuremberg Trails (1945-1946)
o Liberation on Death, Concentration, Extermination Camps
o Nuremberg Trials demonstrated that individuals are responsible for their actions,
even in times of war
o Denazification and German Post War
o 4 Zones
o Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
o Occupation of Japan
o Demilitarized
o Led by General Douglas MacArthur