Download First conjugation active verbs in the present tense

Getting started with Sanskrit
grammar
Inflectional form:
Root + Affix = Stem
Stem + Inflectional ending = Word
Categories of verb inflection:
Voice: Active, Middle, Passive
Categories of verb inflection:
Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Categories of verb inflection:
Number: Singular, Dual, Plural
Categories of verb inflection:
Mood: Indicative, Potential, Imperative,
Injunctive
Categories of verb inflection:
Tense:
Present, Imperfect (Present system)
Future, Conditional (Future system)
Aorist (Aorist system)
Perfect (Perfect system)
First conjugation active verbs
in the present tense
Agreement suffixes for the present
tense (active voice):
Singular
1st
Dual
Plural
-mi
-vaþ
-maþ
nd
-si
-thaþ
-tha
rd
-ti
-taþ
-nti
2
3
Active present-tense forms of bhç- `carry’
(present-tense stem bhara-):
Singular
Dual
Plural
1st
bharàmi
bharàvaþ bharàmaþ
2nd
bharasi
bharathaþ bharatha
rd
bharati
bharataþ bharanti
3
The Sanskrit cases:
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Instrumental
Dative
Ablative
Genitive
Locative
Nominative forms of the personal
pronouns:
Singular
st
1
aham
2nd
tvam
Masculine saþ
rd
3 Feminine sà
Neuter
tat
Dual
àvàm
yuvàm
tau
te
te
Plural
vayam
yåyam
te
tàþ
tàni
Uses of the nominative and accusative
cases:
Nominative Ràmo gacchati.
svalpaü sukhaü krodhaþ.
Accusative Devadatto Ràmaü tudati.
nagaraü gacchati.
màsam adhãte.
dhik puruùam!
Ràma goes.
Anger is a small pleasure.
Devadatta strikes Ràma.
S/he goes to the city.
S/he learns for a month.
Fie on the man!
Adpositions governing the accusative:
anu
after, along
abhita×
near, in front of
sarvata×
on all sides of
ubhayata× on both sides of
antareõa
without, concerning
parita×
around
vin˜
without
antar˜
between
prati
to, towards
Accusative forms of the personal
pronouns:
1
st
2
nd
3
rd
Singular Dual
màm, mà àvàm,
nau
tvàm, tvà yuvàm,
vàm
tau
Masculine tam
te
Feminine tàm
tad
te
Neuter
Plural
asmàn,
naþ
yuùmàn,
vaþ
tàn
tàþ
tàni
Gender:
Usually, males are denoted by masculine nouns (e.g. nara- `man',
masc.) and females by feminine nouns (e.g. strã- `woman', fem.);
the gender assigned to nouns denoting sexless things has no clear
semantic basis.
There are, however, some fairly reliable correlations between a
noun's gender and the form of its stem. e.g. stems in a are
generally masculine and neuter, while stems in long vowels are
mostly feminine.
Short-a stem declension: aśva- `horse'
(masc.)
Nom
Voc
Acc
Instr
Dat
Abl
Gen
Loc
Singular
a÷vaþ
a÷va
a÷vam
a÷vena
a÷vàya
a÷vàt
a÷vasya
a÷ve
Dual
a÷vau
a÷vau
a÷vau
a÷vàbhyàm
a÷vàbhyàm
a÷vàbhyàm
a÷vayoþ
a÷vayoþ
Plural
a÷vàþ
a÷vàþ
a÷vàn
a÷vaiþ
a÷vebhyaþ
a÷vebhyaþ
a÷vànàm
a÷veùu
Short-a stem declension: dàna- `gift' (neut.)
Nom
Voc
Acc
Instr
Dat
Abl
Gen
Loc
Singular
dànam
dàna
dànam
dànena
dànàya
dànàt
dànasya
dàne
Dual
dàne
dàne
dàne
dànàbhyàm
dànàbhyàm
dànàbhyàm
dànayoþ
dànayoþ
Plural
dànàni
dànàni
dànàni
dànaiþ
dànebhyaþ
dànebhyaþ
dànànàm
dàneùu