Download Unit 2 Cell Structure Objectives and Essay Samples

AP BIOLOGY – Cell Unit (Chapter 6 & 7) Objectives
NAME
HOUR
Section 6.1
p94-97
Do p97 CC#1,2
1.
Describe the fundamental structure of cells.
Section 6.2
p98-102
Do p102 CC#1,2
2.
Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells, and contrast their structure with that of eukaryotic cells. (pp. 98-101)
3.
Define organelle. List organelles and describe in detail both the structure and function of the following organelles:
Section 6.3
do p104 CC#1,2,3
 Nucleus (including nuclear membrane) (pp. 102-104)
 Ribosomes
Section 6.4
do p109 CC#1,2,3
 Endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) (pp. 104-106)
 Golgi Complex
 Vesicles & Microbodies: (pp. 106-108)

Transport vesicles

Endocytotic and Exocytotic vesicles

Peroxisomes (p.111)

Lysosomes
Section 6.5
do p112 CC#1,2,3
 Mitochondria (pp. 109-111)
 Chloroplasts
Section 6.6
do p118 CC#1,2,3
 Cilia / Flagella (pp. 112-118)
 Cytoskeleton
Section 6.7
p118-122
do p122 CC#1,2
4.
Give examples of functioning extracellular matrix in plant and animal cells (pp. 118-122)
5.
Explain how some organelles behave symbiotically with the cells they exist in. Give evidence that these organelles
may have been free living cells that now live in an endosymbiosis. (pp109-111)
6.
Contrast plant vs. animal cells(pp. 100-101)
7.
Describe the structure and function of the following cell junctions: (p. 121)

Plasmodesmata

Tight junctions

Desmosomes

Gap junctions
Do problems 1-8 on page 124
CELL UNIT ESSAY SAMPLES – CELL STRUCTURE
1981
Describe the structural arrangement and function of the membranes associated with each of the following organelles:
a.
mitochondria
b.
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
chloroplast
d.
golgi apparatus
1984
Describe the structure of a generalized eukaryotic plant cell. Indicate the ways in which a nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic
cell would differ in structure from this generalized eukaryotic plant cell.
Section
7.1
p125-130
do p130 CC#1
do p141 #1,2,3
8.
Explain the “fluid mosaic” model of cell membrane structure and give experimental evidence to support it.
9.
Describe the structure and function of the various membrane proteins (transport; receptor; recognition; adhesion)
Section 7.2
p131-132
do p132 CC#1,2,3
do p141 #4
10.
Explain the process of diffusion. Contrast diffusion with osmosis.
Section
7.3
p132-135
do p135 CC#1,2,3
do p141 #6
11.
Predict the movement of solutes and water for sample cells immersed in various solutions. Correctly use the
terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic (both from the point of view of substrate concentration and direction of
osmosis).
12.
Explain the concept of water potential. Use water potential to predict osmosis.
13.
Experimentally determine the water potential of living cells. (AP lab)
Section
7.4
p135-138
do p138 CC#1,2
do p141 #5
14.
Explain the process of active transport and describe several active transport systems

The sodium-potassium pump

The proton pump

Cotransport of glucose
Section 7.5
p138-139
do p138 CC#1,2,3
15.
Describe the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.
16.
Compare and contrast the various methods of moving molecules across the plasma membrane.

Diffusion

Dialysis

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport
CELL UNIT ESSAY SAMPLES – MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND PERMEABILITY
1983
Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a plasma membrane. Discuss the role of the membrane in the movement of materials
through by each of the following processes.
a.
active transport
b.
passive transport
1993
Membranes are important structural features of cells
a.
Describe how membrane structure is related to the transport of materials across a membrane.
b.
Describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP in either cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
1998
Cells transport substances across their membranes. Choose THREE of the following four types of cellular transport
 Osmosis
 Active transport
 Facilitated diffusion
 Endocytosis/exocytosis
For each of the three transport types you choose,
a.
describe the transport process and explain how the organization of cell membranes functions in the movement of
specific molecules across membranes.
b.
explain the significance of each type of transport to a specific cell (you may use different types of cells as
examples)
2002
The following experiment was designed to test whether different concentration gradients affect the rate of diffusion. In this
experiment, four solutions(0% NaCl, 1% NaCl, 5% NaCl, and 10% NaCl) were tested under identical conditions. 15mL of
0% NaCl were put into a bag formed of dialysis tubing that is permeable to Na+, Cl- and water. The same was done for
each NaCl solution. Each bag was submerged in a separate beaker containing 300mL of distilled water. The
concentration of NaCl in mg/L in the water outside each bag was measured at 40 second intervals. The results from the
5% bag are shown in the table below.
CONCENTRATION IN mg/L OF NaCl OUTSIDE THE 5% NaCl BAG
Time (seconds)
NaCl (mg/L)
0
0
40
130
80
220
120
320
160
400
a.
b.
c.
graph the data for the 5% NaCl solution
Using the same set of axes, draw and label three additional lines representing the results that you would predict for
the 0%, 1%, and 10% NaCl solutions. Explain your predictions.
Farmlands located near coastal regions are being threatened by encroaching seawater seeping into the soil. In
terms of water movement into or out of plant cells, explain why seawater could decrease crop production. Include
a discussion of water potential in your answer.