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Neurotransmitters
Small-Molecule Transmitters
Name
Location(s)
Function(s)
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Junctions with motor
effectors (muscles, glands)
Ex: neuromuscular junction;
Brain
Serotonin
Amines
Regions of CNS
Dopamine
Amines
Brain; autonomic system
Epinephrine
Amines
Norepinephrine
Amines
CNS, sympathetic division of
ANS
CNS, sympathetic division of
ANS
Glutamate
Amino Acid
CNS
GABA
Amino Acid
Brain
Excitatory (neuromuscular
junction of skeletal muscles);
inhibitory (neuromuscular
junction of cardiac muscle
tissue); involved in memory
Mostly inhibitory; moods,
emotions, sleep
Mostly inhibitory;
emotions/moods; regulating
motor control
Deficiencies = Parkinson’s
Disease
Excitatory or inhibitory;
secreted by adrenal gland
Excitatory or inhibitory;
regulates sympathetic
effectors; involved in
emotional responses
Most common excitatory NT
in CNS
Most common inhibitory NT
in brain
Large-molecule Transmitters
Name
Endorphins
Class
Class
Neuropeptides
Location(s)
CNS; retina; intestinal tract
Function(s)
Mostly inhibitory; act like
opiates to block pain
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