Download Plant Cell Structure and Function

Botany Student Outline – Plant Cell Structure
Plant Cell Structure
1.
Introduction
A.
Cell
i.
Cell Theory
a.
Problems
•
Slime Molds
•
Derbesia
•
Cladophora
ii.
Organismal Theory
B.
Size
i.
Surface to Volume Ratio
C.
Cell Types
i.
Eukaryotic Cells
ii.
Prokaryotic Cells
2.
The Cytoskeleton
A.
Actin Filaments
B.
Microtubules
•
Tubulin
C.
Intermediate Filaments
3.
Cell Wall
•
Middle Lamella
A.
Primary Wall
B.
Secondary Wall
i.
Cellulose
ii.
Lignin
iii.
Suberin
iv.
Cutin
C.
Cell Wall Construction
Page 1
Botany Student Outline – Plant Cell Structure
D.
4.
5.
Cell Wall and Intercellular Communication
i.
Plasmodesmata
a.
Primary Pit Fields
b.
Water Conducting Cells
Plasma (cell) Membrane (Plasmalemma)
•
Phospholipid Bilayer
•
Unit Membranes
Organelles
A.
Nucleus
i.
Anatomy
a.
Nuclear Membrane
b.
Pores
c.
Nucleoplasm
d.
Chromatin
e.
Chromosomes.
ii.
Gene Action
a.
Protein Syntheses
•
Structural
•
Metabolic
•
Others
b.
Transcription
•
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
c.
Translation
Transcription
DNA
B.
Translation
mRNA
Proteins
Ribosomes
•
Ribosomal RNA (rRNS)
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Botany Student Outline – Plant Cell Structure
C.
D.
E.
F.
CH O
6
12
6
•
Ribosomal Subunits
•
Function
•
Free Ribosomes
•
Polysomes (Polyribosomes)
•
Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•
Cisternae
i.
Rough (Granular) ER
ii.
Smooth (Agranular) ER
Dictyosomes (Golgi Complex)
i.
Overview
•
Cisternae.
ii.
Basic Functions
•
Transitional Vesicles.
•
Secretory Vesicles
iii.
Cell Wall Synthesis
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
i.
Cristae
•
Cristae
ii.
Cellular Respiration
+
6O
2
6CO
2
+
6H O
G.
Plastids
i.
Chloroplasts
a.
Stroma
b.
Grana
•
Frets or Lamellae
ii.
Leucoplasts
a.
Amyloplast
iii.
Chromoplasts
G.
Peroxisomes
•
Free Radicals
Catalase
Page 3
2
+
ATP
+ HEAT
Botany Student Outline – Plant Cell Structure
H2O2
H.
6.
2H2O
Flagella & Cilia
i.
Flagella
•
Dynein
Cytoplasm
A. Cyclosis
Page 4
+
O2