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Section 4.1
Atomic Theory and Bonding
Study Notes
By the end of section 4.1 you should be able to understand the following:
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There are common structural patterns of protons, neutrons and electrons in all atoms
Ionic compounds are composed of atoms gaining and losing electrons
Covalent compounds are composed of atoms sharing electrons
There are methods to illustrate and explain the structures of atoms and compounds
NOTES
Name and explain the two
types of pure substances?
Name the three types of
subatomic particles;
explain where they are
found in an atom, and what
is their charge?
Sub Atomic Particle
Location
Charge
What is the charge of the
nucleus? Explain.
What determines the
atomic number of an
element?
What two things will the
atomic number tell you
about a neutral atom?
How do you determine the
number neutrons?
Do the Reading Check on page 171
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-1-
BC Science 10
NOTES
How are elements listed
on the periodic table?
Where are the periods on a
periodic table?
Where are the families on
the periodic table?
Where are the metals and
non-metals on the periodic
table?
Name and locate the four
families and give a brief
description of their
characteristics.
Families
Location
Characteristics
Where are the transitional
metals on the periodic
table?
When does an atom become
an ion?
How do metals become
ions?
Why are certain metals
considered multivalent?
How do non-metals become
ions?
Do the Reading Check on page 174
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-2-
BC Science 10
NOTES
What does a Bohr
diagram represent?
Make a Bohr diagram
using the information
provided.
Lithium
Aluminum
Chlorine
Atom
Ion
What does the period
tell you about the
number of shells an
element may have?
What are valence
shells and valence
electrons?
What does the family
number tell you about
the number of valence
electrons?
What is similar about
family 18 and their
valence shells?
Complete the practice problems on page 176
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-3-
BC Science 10
NOTES
What is an ionic bond?
Draw a Bohr diagram of
the ionic compounds LiF &
MgCl.
LiF
MgCl
What is a covalent bond?
What type of atoms form
covalent bonds?
What is the difference
between the bonding pair
and the lone pair?
CF4
Draw a Bohr diagram of
CF4
Do the Reading Check on page 178
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-4-
BC Science 10
NOTES
What is a Lewis
diagram?
What are the rules
when drawing a Lewis
diagram
Draw Lewis diagrams
of Ca and F atoms and
then their ions when
they form a calcium
fluoride ionic
compound (CaF2).
Ca
F
B
F
Atom
Compound
CaF2
Draw Lewis diagrams
of B and F atoms. Draw
a Lewis diagram of the
covalent molecule
Boron Tetra fluoride
(BF3).
Atom
Compound
BF4
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-5-
BC Science 10
What is a diatomic
molecule?
Draw a Lewis diagram
of the diatomic
molecule H2.
© McGraw Hill Ryerson 2008
-6-
BC Science 10