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Georgia History
Chapter 1: Georgia: Something for Everyone
Section 1: Pages 3-5
1. Geography comes from a Greek word meaning the earth’s description. Geography is the science of
studying the earth as the home of humans
2. Latitude is the distance north and south of the equator
3. Longitude is a measure of the distance east and west of the prime meridian
4. Prime meridian is an imaginary line located at Greenwich, England
5. Georgia is one of the 10 fastest growing states in the country
6. At 58,910 square miles Georgia is the largest state east of the Mississippi River
7. Georgia’s highest point is at Brasstown bald and is 4784 feet
8. There are 159 counties in Georgia with the largest is Ware County and the smallest is Clarke County
9. Georgia is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Florida on the south, Tennessee and North
Carolina on the North, South Carolina along the Savannah River, and Alabama on the west.
10. The geographic center of Georgia is located in Twiggs County about 18 miles southeast of Macon
Section 2: Pages 6-20
11. There are 5 major physiographic regions in Georgia: 1. Appalachian Plateau, 2. Blue Ridge Region, 3.
Ridge and Valley Region, 4. Piedmont Region, 5. Coastal Plain Region
12. Appalachian Plateau Regiona) Smallest of the physiographic regions
b) Maze of limestone caves, deep canyons, and interesting rock formations
c) Known as the TAG corner, point at which Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia meet
d) Marks the beginning of the Appalachian Trail
13. Blue Ridge Region
a) Located in the northeast part of the state and is known for its rugged beauty
b) Home to the highest and largest mountains in Georgia
c) Precipitation: (rain, hail, sleet or snow) The precipitation that contacts the mountains provides
water for the entire state
d) Brasstown Bald the highest point in the state. From here you can see 3 states: S.C., T.N., N.C.
14. Ridge and Valley Region
a) Located between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains
b) Known for its open valleys and narrow ridges, flat and fertile farmlands
c) Known for industry particularly textile and carpet manufacturing
d) Dalton- known as the carpet capital of the world
15. Piedmont Region
a) Begins in the foothills of Northern Georgia and goes to the central part of the state
b) Known as the “heartland of the state”
c) This area is known for its granite base which covers 1/3 of the states land area
d) Another important feature of this area is the Georgia red clay
e) About ½ of the state’s population is in the Piedmont Region
f) Known as the cotton belt in the Antebellum days
g) Home to the cities of Atlanta, Athens, Madison, Milledgeville
16. Coastal Plain Region
a) Occupies about three-fifths of the state and is the largest of the physiographic regions
b) Divided into the Inner Coastal Plain and the Outer Coastal Plain
c) Inner Coastal Plain
i. Mild climate and good supply of underground water
ii.
Major agricultural region of the state
d) Outer Coastal Plain
i. Does not have fertile farmlands
ii.
Okefenokee Swamp- 681 mile swampland in southeast Georgia
iii.
Home to the barrier islands and deep harbors
iv.
Home of cities such as Savannah and Brunswick
v.Barrier islands- protect beaches by blocking much of the sand, wind, and water that
could erode the mainland
17. Fall Line- the point at which hilly or mountainous lands meet the coastal plain
a) Starts in Columbus, runs through Macon and into Augusta
b) Early settlers were forced to stop at the fall line because they could not travel past the steep and
rushing falls
18. Georgia has more than one hundred miles of coastline on the Atlantic Ocean
a) This coastline is used for wildlife refuges, commercial fishing centers, harbors for luxury cruise
ships and miles of recreational beaches
19. At least 1/3of the salt marshes along the Atlantic Coastline is in Georgia
20. Georgia has twelve principal river systems
21. Some of the major river systems
a) Savannah River
i. The Indians called it “Isondega” meaning blue water
ii.
Produces 3 main lakes: J. Strom Thurmond Lake, Lake Russell, Hartwell Lake
b) Chattahoochee River
i. Name means “river of the painted rock”
ii.
Forms the border between Georgia and Alabama
iii.
Provides water for Atlanta, Columbus and LaGrange
c) Other Rivers
i. Half of the rivers show an Indian influence in their names
ii.
The Coosa River gets its name from Choctaw and means “kusha” or cane
iii.
The Altamaha is believed to mean Chiefs Lodge
22. The two main companies that helped produce Georgia’s lakes are the U.S. Corps of Engineers and
Georgia Power Company
23. The lakes provide 3 main benefits: recreational areas, reservoirs, and hydroelectric power
Section 3 Pages 30-35
24. Climate- refers to the kind of weather a region has over a period of time
25. Weather- refers to the day-to-day changes in temperature, precipitation, wind, etc.
26. The highest temperatures in the state usually occur in July the coldest temperatures January with an
average temperature of 65 degrees F
27. Precipitation usually falls in the form of rain, ice, snow and hail.
a) July is the wettest month of the year
b) October is the driest month of the year
28. Drought is of major concern for Georgia it lowers the lake and underground water levels, hurts
hydroelectric power and harms farmers who depend on it to make their crops grow.
29. During 1994 the “Great Flood” occurred in Georgia as rain fell, at above all records, as deep as 23
inches over the course of a week’s time.
30. Air masses that begin over the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean control summer’s warm months
31. Winter’s cold months are controlled by air masses starting over Canada and Alaska
32. A wind current is a continuous movement or flow of air.
33. Oceanographers- scientists who study oceans
34. Ocean currents- rivers of ocean water
35. Ocean currents are caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun
36. Hurricanes are spawned when waters of 80 F or more transform heat energy of tropical waters into
strong and heavy waves and have a minimum speed of 74 mph
37. Hurricanes develop as storms off the coast of Africa and develop power from the warm waters of the
Caribbean
38. The costliest hurricane to hit the east coast was Hurricane Andrew in 1992 at a cost of over $25 billion
in damages. The costs for Katrina are still being calculated
39. The season for hurricanes begins in June and ends in November
40. Tornadoes are developed when warm moist air mixes with a rapidly moving cold front producing
strong thunderstorms.
41. The season for tornadoes in Georgia ranges from March to July and has a minimum speed of 40 miles
an hour.
42. Georgia averages 19 tornadoes a year
Section 4: Pages 36-40
43. Fauna- animal life of a particular area
44. Although almost extinct by the early 1900s whitetail deer can now be found in all 159 Georgia
counties
45. Georgia has joined forty two other states in classifying the bald eagle as an endangered species
46. Georgia’s largest reptile, from 6 to 12 feet in length is the American alligator and is found in the
Coastal Plain Area particularly swampy areas
47. The right whale, a mammal, uses the coastal waters of our state as a calving ground.
Section 5: Pages 41-43
48. Flora- the natural vegetation of the land
49. Sixty-three percent of Georgia is forested
50. There are two trees synonymous with Georgia: peach tree and pecan tree
51. In the northern section of Georgia there is a 180 day growing season while there is a 270 day growing
season along the coast
52. Kudzu was brought to America for the Centennial Industrial Exposition held in Philadelphia. The
Japanese used this plant as both medicine and food flavoring. IN 1930 the plant was introduced into
Georgia to stop erosion. The plant can grow up to 100 feet in the summer and is very difficult to
destroy.
Georgia History
Chapter 1: Georgia: Something for Everyone
Section 1:
1. ____________________ comes from a Greek word meaning the earth’s description.
____________________is the science of studying the earth as the home of
_________________
2. __________________ is the distance north and south of the equator
3. __________________ is a measure of the distance east and west of the prime meridian
4. ____________ ________________ is an imaginary line located at Greenwich, England
5. Georgia is one of the ____ fastest growing states in the country
6. At _______________ square miles Georgia is the largest state east of the
____________________________ River
7. Georgia’s highest point is at _________________ ______ and is ______________ feet
8. There are __________ counties in Georgia with the largest being ______________ County
and the smallest is __________________ County
9. Georgia is bordered by the __________________ Ocean on the east, _______________ on
the south, ___________________ and North ____________________ on the North, South
Carolina along the ___________________ River, and Alabama on the _________.
10. The geographic center of Georgia is located in _________________ County about 18 miles
southeast of ___________________
Section 2:
11. There are 5 major physiographic regions in Georgia: 1. ________________________
Plateau, 2. ______________ _________________ Region, 3. __________________ and
_______________ Region, 4. ______________________ Region,
5.______________________ Plain Region
12. Appalachian Plateau Regiona. _____________________ of the physiographic regions
b. Maze of limestone ______________, deep ______________, and interesting rock
formations
c. Known as the ____________ corner, point at which Tennessee, ______________ and
Georgia meet
d. Marks the beginning of the __________________________ Trail
13. Blue Ridge Region
a. Located in the ______________________ part of the state and is known for its rugged
_______________
b. Home to the ________________ and __________________ mountains in Georgia
c. _______________________: (rain, hail, sleet or snow) The precipitation that contacts
the mountains provides _________________ for the entire state
d. _________________________ ___________ the highest point in the state. From here
you can see 3 states: S.C., T.N., N.C.
14. Ridge and Valley Region
a. Located between the _______________ ______________ Mountains and the
Appalachian Mountains
b. Known for its open _________________ and narrow ridges, flat and fertile
____________________
c. Known for industry particularly _________________ and _________________
manufacturing
d. _________________- known as the carpet capital of the world
15. Piedmont Region
a. Begins in the foothills of Northern ________________ and goes to the central part of the
state
b. Known as the “________________ of the state”
c. This area is known for its granite base which covers _____ of the states land area
d. Another well known feature of this area is the Georgia __________ ___________
e. About ___________ of the state’s population is in the Piedmont Region
f. Known as the _______________ belt in the Antebellum days
g. Home to the cities of ________________, ___________________, Madison,
Milledgeville
16. Coastal Plain Region
a. Occupies about _______________________ of the state and is the
________________ of the physiographic regions
b. Divided into the Inner Coastal Plain and the Outer Coastal Plain
c. Inner Coastal Plain
i. Mild ______________ and good supply of underground ___________
ii. Major ______________________ region of the state
d. Outer Coastal Plain
i. Does not have fertile _______________________
ii. ________________________ Swamp- _________ square miles swampland in
southeast Georgia
iii. Home to the ______________ islands and deep harbors
iv. Home of cities such as ________________ and Brunswick
v. __________________ islands- protect beaches by blocking much of the sand,
_______________, and ________________ that could erode the mainland
17. ____________ ___________- the point at which hilly or mountainous lands meet the coastal plain
a. Starts in Columbus, runs through _______________ and into ________________
b. Early settlers were forced to stop at the __________ ___________ because they
could not travel past the steep and rushing ______________
Section 3:
18. Georgia has more than _________________________of coastline on the
_____________________ Ocean
a) This coastline is used for wildlife refuges, commercial __________________ centers,
_________________ for luxury cruise ships and miles of recreational _______________
19. At least _________ of the salt marshes along the Atlantic Coastline is in Georgia
20. Georgia has ______________ principal river systems
21. Some of the major river systems include:
a) __________________ River
i. The Indians called it “__________________” meaning “___________
_______________”
ii. Produces 3 main lakes: J. Strom Thurmond Lake, Lake ______________,
Hartwell Lake
b) _______________________ River
i. Name means “river of the _________________ rock”
ii. Forms the border between ____________________ and
____________________
iii. Provides water for __________________, Columbus and LaGrange
c) Other Rivers
i. Half of the rivers show an __________________ influence in their names
ii. The ________________ River gets its name from the ________________
and means “______________” or cane
iii. The Altamaha is believed to mean “__________________ Lodge”
22. The two main companies that helped produce Georgia’s lakes are the U.S. ___________ of
____________________ and ______________ _______________ Company
23. The lakes provide 3 main benefits: __________________ areas, ___________________,
and ____________________ power
24. _________________- refers to the kind of _____________ a region has over a period of time
25. ________________- refers to the day-to-day changes in temperature,
___________________, wind, etc.
26. Temperature
a. The highest temperatures in the state usually occur in ______________;
b. the coldest temperatures ___________________
c. Georgia has an average temperature of __________ degrees F
27. _____________________ usually falls in the form of rain, ice, snow and hail.
b) __________ is the wettest month of the year
c) _______________ is the driest month of the year
28. __________________ is of major concern for Georgia it lowers the ___________ and
underground water levels, hurts hydroelectric power production and harms
_________________ who depend on water it to make their crops grow.
29. During ___________ the “_____________ ___________” occurred in Georgia as rain fell, at
above all records, as deep as _____ inches over the course of a week’s time.
30. Air masses
a. Air masses that begin over the _____________________________ and the
____________________ Ocean control summer’s warm months
b. Winter’s cold months are controlled by air masses starting over _________________
and _________________
31. A _____________ ________________ is a continuous movement or flow of air.
32. Oceans
a. ________________________- scientists who study oceans
b. ______________ _______________- rivers of ocean water
c. Ocean _________________ are caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface
by the ____________
33. Hurricanes
a. Hurricanes are spawned when waters of ______ F or more transform heat energy of
tropical waters into strong and heavy waves and wind and have a minimum speed of
________ mph
b. Hurricanes develop as storms off the coast of ___________ and develop greater
power from the warm waters of the _____________________
c. The costliest hurricane to hit the east coast was Hurricane ____________________ in
_____________ at a cost of over $25 billion in damages. The costs for
_______________ are still being calculated
d. The season for hurricanes begins in ____________ and ends in
____________________
34. Tornadoes
a. Tornadoes are developed when warm moist ________ mixes with a rapidly moving
cold front producing strong _______________________ and develop a minimum
speed of 40 miles an hour
b. The season for tornadoes in Georgia ranges from ________________ to
____________
c. Georgia averages ____________ tornadoes a year
Section 4:
35. ___________________- animal life of a particular area
36. Although almost extinct by the early 1900s __________________ __________ can now be
found in all _______ Georgia counties
37. Georgia has joined _________________ other states in classifying the _____________
_____________ as an endangered species
38. Georgia’s largest reptile, ranging from ____ to _________ feet in length is the
_______________ alligator and is found in the Coastal Plain Area, particularly swampy areas
39. The ________________ whale, a mammal, uses the coastal waters of our state as a
__________ ground.
Section 5:
40. ________________- the natural vegetation of the land
41. __________________ percent of Georgia is _________________
42. There are two trees synonymous with Georgia: _______________ tree and _____________
tree
43. In the northern section of Georgia there is a _________ day growing season while there is a
_____________ day growing season along the coast
44. _______________ was brought to America for the Centennial Industrial Exposition held in
Philadelphia. The Japanese used this plant as both _________________ and ____________
________________. In 1930 the plant was introduced into Georgia to stop soil
______________. The plant can grow up to _____________ feet in the summer and is very
difficult to destroy.