Download Seedless Vascular Plants

Botany Student Outline – Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
1.
2.
3.
Introduction
A.
Alteration of Generations
B.
Evolution
Plant Tissue Organization
A.
Early Species
B.
Root and Shoot System Development
i.
Root System
ii.
Shoot System
C.
Tissue Systems
i.
Dermal
ii.
Vascular
a.
Xylem
b.
Phloem
iii. Ground
Growth
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Botany Student Outline – Seedless Vascular Plants
A.
4.
5.
Xylem
i.
Tracheary Elements
a.
Tracheids
b.
Vessel Elements
B.
Phloem
i.
Sieve Elements
C.
Stele (cylinder)
i.
Protostele
a.
Examples
•
Psilotophyta
•
Lycophyta
ii.
Siphonostele
a.
Leaf Gaps
iii. Eustele
Leaves
A.
Microphylls
B.
Megaphylls
Reproduction
•
Oogamous
•
Alternation of Heteromorphic Generations
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Botany Student Outline – Seedless Vascular Plants
A.
B.
6.
7.
Homosporous
Heterosporous
i.
Microsporangia  Microspores  Male Gametophyte
ii.
Megasporangia  Megaspores  Female Gametophyte
•
Endosporous Development
•
Exosporous Development
C.
Gymnosperm Reproductive Requirements
Extinct Phyla
A.
Phylum Rhyniophyta
B.
Phylum Zosterophyllophyta
C.
Phylum Trimerophytophyta
Extant Phyla
A.
Plylum Lycophyta
•
General Points
•
Microphylls
i.
Families of Lycophyta
a.
Lycopodiaceae (Club Mosses)
•
Sporophylls
•
Strobili
b.
Family Salaginellaceae
•
Ligule
•
heterosporous
•
Male Gametophyte
•
Female Gametophyte
c.
Family Isoetaceae (Quillworts)
•
Corm
•
Heterosporous
•
Ligule
B.
Phylum Psilotophyta
i.
Genus Psilotum (Whisk Fern)
•
Endomycorrhizal Zygomycete
•
Protostele
•
Homosporous
•
Bisexual gametophytes
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Botany Student Outline – Seedless Vascular Plants
C.
D.
Phylum Sphenophyta
i.
Genus Equisetum (Horsetails)
•
Homosporous
•
Bisexual or Male Gametophyte
Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns)
i.
Sporangia Development
a.
Eusporangiate
b.
Leptosporangiate
•
Taptum
•
Annulus
ii.
Orders
a.
Order Ophioglossales
•
Botrychium (Grape Ferns)
•
Ophioglossum (Adder’s Tongues)
b.
Order Filicales – 10,500 species.
•
Siphhonostelic Rhizomes
•
Fronds
•
Fiddleheads
•
Sporangia
•
Sori
•
Indusia
•
Bisexual gametophyte
•
Prothallus
•
Sporophyte
c.
Orders Marsileales and Salviniales (Water Ferns)
•
Sporocarps
•
Azolla
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