Download Round 8 - Collegiate Quiz Bowl Packet Archive

Mad King Ludwig Memorial History Tournament
Chicago Open 2006 History Doubles, July 28, 2006
Questions by Chris Frankel
Tossups, Round 8
1. This kingdom, which buried its leaders in a site now called the “Thousand Mounds” and may have
had its roots in a lost dynasty called the Atyads, was involved in peace negotiations led by Syennis
and Labynetus, which set its boundaries at the river Halys after its war with the kingdom under the
son of Phraortes had ended abruptly due to an eclipse predicted by Thales of Miletus. Herodotus
described how its Heraclid dynasty was ended when the Candaules was murdered for shaming his wife
and replaced by the father of Ardys, the latter of whom is often credited as the first king to mint coins.
Though it flourished under the rule of such Mermnad kings as Sadyattes and Alyattes II, it was brought
down after the Battle of Thymbra. FTP, name this ancient kingdom with a capital of Sardis, whose last
leader, Croesus, was defeated by Cyrus the Great?
ANSWER: Lydia or Lydians
2. The drowning death of his colleague Diego Salcedo prompted his former ally Agueybana to lead a
revolt of the Taino people against him and his settlements, including Caparra. Another hostile native
attack, an ambush by the Calusa, would cause his death by an arrow wound. Appointed as governor of
Higuey, he had previously served as a lieutenant under Nicolas de Ovando. This conqueror of the islands
of Borinquien and Bimini began his career by sailing on the second voyage of Christopher Columbus, but
his most lasting achievement was his landing on a certain lush peninsula on Easter Sunday. FTP, name this
Spanish explorer who searched for the Fountain of Youth and ended up discovering Florida.
ANSWER: Juan Ponce de Leon
3. The seizure of Thomas Shardelow’s house, with a mass burning of documents and a declaration by
Robert Cave, marked its outbreak in Dartford. Robert Belknap was subdued in his attempt to arrest
its original inciters, Thomas Baker and his men, who refused Thomas Bampton’s attempts at
collection. It saw Tower Hill become an execution site as royal officials Robert Hales, John Legge, and
Simon Sudbury were beheaded. Thomas Farringdon, Abel Ker, and Jack Straw ranked among the leaders
of this event, which saw violence break out in Essex and Kent over anger at the Statute of Labourers and a
poll tax. An army under Mayor William Walworth helped put down, FTP, what uprising against Richard II
by a bunch of poor people under Wat Tyler?
ANSWER: Peasants’ Revolt (accept “Wat Tyler’s Rebellion” until his name is mentioned)
4. In this piece, the enthusiasm of supporters is likened to that of the Crusaders under Peter the
Hermit, and fears of the emergence of another Robespierre expressed by William Vilas are
dismissed. Statements by former Massachusetts Governor William Russell and Senator David Hill of
New York are also addressed in this piece, which alludes to Thomas Hart Benton’s characterization
of Andrew Jackson as a modern-day Cicero that exposed the Cataline-esque conspiracy of the national
bank. Quoting John Carlisle’s claim of a dichotomy between “‘the struggling masses’” and “‘the idle
holders of capital,’” it decried an act passed in 1873 and was delivered in Chicago during the Democratic
National Convention. FTP, identify this address that warned against “press[ing] down upon the brow of
labor this crown of thorns,” a free silver advocacy speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan.
ANSWER: “Cross of Gold” speech (if someone buzzes early and says that it was Bryan’s 1896 DNC
speech or something to that effect, accept that)
5. The U.S.’s role in this conflict consisted of providing an airlift in Operation Nickel Grass and
restraining its allies from attacking the enemy’s Third Army, which found itself surrounded south of
Bitter Lake. Its occurrence was examined by the Agranat Commission, which blamed Eli Zeira for a
lapse in intelligence and forced the resignation of David Elazar as Chief of Staff, and its aftermath also saw
a series of protests led by Motti Ashenazi, a survivor of the surprise assault on the Bar Lev Line that
opened it. The first naval battle between missile boats, the Battle of Latakia, occurred during this war,
which followed the War of Attrition and resulted in the creation of a UN buffer zone in the Golan Heights.
FTP, identify this Israeli-Arab war that started on a Jewish holiday.
ANSWER: Yom Kippur War
6. Later additions to this group were headed by Ferdinand III of Tuscany and a man crowned as
King Jerome. Created under a forty article charter, it lost most of its members after the Treaty of
Kalisch, and also saw its membership reduced by the partitioning of such states as Arenberg. A
Central Administration Committee was created in an attempt to replace it, while the body that oversaw it
during its existence was a College of Kings headed by a Prince-Primate, Karl Theodor von Dalberg. Its
formation was the aftermath of territorial reorganization done under the Treaty of Pressburg and the
relinquishment of Francis II’s title in exchange for the crown of Austria. FTP, the Holy Roman Empire was
effectively replaced by what union of German states formed under Napoleon and named after a river?
ANSWER: Confederation of the Rhine or Rheinbund or Confederation du Rhin
7. His appearance at a council at Etampes drew him into a conflict he would resolve by winning the
allegiance of Victor IV to end the succession crisis that came with Honorius II’s death and Anacletus
II’s becoming an antipope to Innocent II. He also put down a church dispute with William X of
Aquitaine and defended the legitimacy of Lothair II before beginning his series of sermons on the
Canticle of Canticles. He also wrote On the Love of God and the Book of Considerations, the latter of
which was addressed to his student, Pope Eugenius III. During the Council of Troyes, he set forth the rules
for the Knights Templar, but made his most memorable statement in a sermon at Vezelay that inspired
King Louis VII to begin a campaign to Damascus. FTP, identify this French monk who preached the
Second Crusade and brought the Cistercian order to prominence.
ANSWER: Bernard of Clairvaux
8. After completing the Libri ad edictum, Ulpian succeeded Papinian as the head of this body. The
duo of Publius Aper and Quintus Ostorius Scapula served as its first formally appointed leaders, and
Tacitus criticized Vitellius’ decision to expand it to its largest size and fill its roster with Germans.
After the assassination of Pertinax, Flavius Sulpicianus lost to Didius Julianus in an infamous auction they
held to determine his successor. In 31 AD, Tiberius named Quintus Sutorius Macro head of this body to
replace its ambitious prefect, Sejanus, and it was this group who later engineer the assassination of
Tiberius’ successor, Caligula. FTP, name this elite force designed to serve as bodyguards to the Roman
emperors.
ANSWER: Praetorian Guard
9. John Thomand O’Brien was promoted to captain for leading a troop of mounted grenadiers in this
battle, which also led to the rescue of Admiral Encalada from his forced island exile. Although the
eventual victors lost over 2,000 men in the alpine crossing preceding this encounter, their First
Division under General Soler alone outnumbered enemy forces. Although the morale generated by
this victory would be dimmed briefly by a loss to General Osorio the following year at Cancha
Rayada, it paved the way for Maipu, the final victory over the Royalists. FTP, Spain’s Rafael Maroto was
defeated by Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins in what decisive 1817 battle near Santiago, Chile?
ANSWER: Battle of Chacabuco
10. This statement decried the “adventurist conception of ‘exporting revolution’ [and] of ‘bringing
happiness’ to other peoples” and argued that nations cannot pursue a “‘non-affiliated’ stand” and
“self-determination,” characterizing the status quo as a worldwide political struggle in which nobody
can avoid taking sides. The namesake response issued by Helmut Sonnenfeldt was criticized as
spineless complacency to this statement, which was first announced to the Fifth Congress of the
United Worker’s Party and repudiated two decades later in a statement by Gennadi Gerasimov that
alluded to the song “My Way.” Issued as a response to Prague Spring and replaced by the Sinatra Doctrine,
this is, FTP, what 1969 policy statement promising Soviet intervention in reforming socialist nations,
named after the Soviet leader of the time?
ANSWER: Brezhnev Doctrine
11. The father-son duo James and John Craggs were two of the men tried for their involvement in it,
though both died before a ruling was delivered. The claim that a law ought to be made to punish the
men involved was issued by Robert Molesworth, who oversaw the prosecution of the Craggs, Charles
Stanhope, and John Aislabie. Briefly empowered by a contract in the Asiento agreement with Spain, it
sprang from a proposal by George Caswall and John Blunt, the latter of whom produced its charter, and
was formally founded by Robert Harley. However, it would inspire the passage of an act requiring a royal
charter for all joint stock companies with its spectacular collapse in 1720. FTP, Robert Walpole came to
power after a stock market crash driven by what sketchy trading company, known for its eponymous
bubble?
ANSWER: South Sea Company (accept South Sea Bubble)
12. Its penultimate plank was comprised of Jim Ramstad’s bill to implement an “honesty in
evidence” policy and limited use of the “loser pays” system, the Common Sense Legal Reform Act.
The banning of proxy votes in committees, a required 3/5th majority for the passage of tax hikes, and
an outside audit of the Congressional budget were among the eight reforms promised in addition to the
list that contained the aforementioned act, the American Dream Restoration Act, and a Citizen Legislature
Act mandating term limits in its set of ten bills to be pushed forth in the first hundred days of the next
congress. Citing a common bond with Abraham Lincoln, this document borrowed from Ronald Reagan’s
1985 State of the Union speech, and was prepared by Dick Armey. FTP, the Republicans gained control of
the 104th Congress on the strength of what broadly addressed pledge supported by Newt Gingrich?
ANSWER: Contract with America
13. His first major titles consisted of the governorship of Dun and Villefranche, which were bestowed
upon him by the Duke of Lorraine shortly after he fought at Ivry. Hailing from Brabant, he fought
for the Spanish under Alessandro Farnese and participated in the siege of Antwerp. After a few
years leading a campaign against the Turks under Rudolph II, he entered his most noteworthy post,
where he would achieve victory at Stadtlohn and Lutter, respectively defeating Ernst von Manfeld and
Christian IV of Denmark. Also the victor at Wimpfen, he was defeated in the Battle of Breitenfeld months
after he and Gottfried Pappenheim sacked the city of Magdeburg. FTP, identify this commander of the
Catholic League, who, with Wallenstein, was Gustavus Adolphus’ chief military rival in the Thirty Years’
War.
ANSWER: Johannes Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
14. The aristocracy staved off a succession crisis in this period by exiling a priest of the Hosso sect
named Dokyo, who had convinced the Empress Koken to abdicate in his favor. The construction of
the Todaiji Temple, which houses its namesake city’s Daibatsu statue, was overseen by the Emperor
Shomu, who sought to establish a Buddhist state. During this period, which saw the capital moved from
its namesake city to Nagaoka ten years before its end, the Kojiki was compiled and much of Japan’s
cultural and political reforms were modeled after those of the Tang Dynasty. FTP, identify this Japanese
historical period that lasted from 710 to 794 AD and fell between the Yamato and Heian periods.
ANSWER: Nara Period
15. An attempt to provide this organization with a base was led by Sir Andrew Cunningham, was
dubbed Operation Menace, and culminated with a failed naval attempt to seize Dakar. Its liberation
of Syria under Georges Catroux coincided with the formation of the CNF, its main governing body,
in London. The New Hebrides was one of the first territories to ally with this movement, which used
the Cross of Lorraine as its distinguishing symbol. Merged with eight groups, including the Secret Army
under Charles Delestraint and the Combat group under Henry Frenay, to form the CNR at the urging of one
of its leading members, Jean Moulin, this movement was first proposed in a famous BBC radio address
made on June 18th, 1940. FTP, identify this resistance movement against Nazi occupation of its nation, led
by Charles de Gaulle.
ANSWER: Free France or Free French or France Libre (prompt on “French Resistance”)
16. When it was purchased from Duncan Campbell, it was known as the Bethia, and it became the
subject of a search by Edward Edwards and the Pandora that led to the capture and hanging of
Thomas Ellison, John Millward and Thomas Burkitt, while James Morrison and Peter Heywood
were pardoned after their trials. John Fryer wrote a narrative that described how nineteen men were cast
off in its tiny launch and made an improbable 3,000 mile voyage from Tofoa to Timor. Fryer served as
master on this vessel, which, after a proposal by botanist Joseph Banks, was sent on a mission to collect
breadfruit from Tahiti before being seized by first mate Fletcher Christian. FTP, William Bligh captained
what ship, the subject of an infamous mutiny?
ANSWER: HMS Bounty
17. During the violent actions that occurred at this location, locals used the drowned body of William
Leeman as target practice. Hayward Shepherd was the first man killed, and after the initial actions,
Lewis Washington became one of the hostages taken and a train that was detained passing through
on the B&O line alerted officials in Washington D.C. The fire engine house that became known as “[the
instigator’s] fort” was stormed by Israel Green at the orders of J.E.B. Stuart, and that ringleader, who had
entered this area under the pseudonym Isaac Smith, received no help from his backers in the Secret Six in
preventing his trial and eventual hanging. FTP, identify this West Virginia weapons storehouse that was
raided by John Brown.
ANSWER: United States Armory and Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry
18. Its second part’s last chapter draws a dichotomy between east-west and north-south axes, while
an earlier chapter in that part traces the development of edible almonds. The failure of the Phaistos
Disk to spawn advances in printing is examined in another chapter, which argues that “technology
begets technology,” and is entitled “Necessity’s Mother.” “Farmer Power” and “Apples or Indians” are
other chapters in this work, whose author uses the “Anna Karenina Principle” to explain why zebras have
never been domesticated. In attempting to answer a question posed to the author from a New Guinea
politician named Yali, this work explains the fall of Atahualpa and the Incas and discusses how the
development of human society has been shaped by geography. FTP, identify this book, whose title refers
to three tools of conquest, a work by Jared Diamond.
ANSWER: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
19. His rise to power was clinched by a filibuster that pressured the senile Maffeo Gherardo into
pledging to support him. He sanctioned the partitioning of Naples in the Secret Treaty of Granada
and approved a divorce from Jane of Valois to one of its signatories, Louis XII, in order to win support
from France after its earlier ruler, Charles VIII, had invaded Italy. The defeat of his army at Soriano
resulted in the murder of one of his sons, the Duke of Gandia, while another one employed Don Michelotto
and savagely raped Caterina Sforza. An affair with Vanozza Catanei produced those children by this man,
who brokered the Treaty of Tordesillas and succeeded Innocent VIII. FTP, identify this nephew of
Calixtus III, a Spanish-born pope and father to Juan, Cesare and Lucrezia.
ANSWER: Alexander VI or Rodrigo Borgia
20. Isaac Davis and John Young served as royal advisors in this kingdom, with Asa Thurston and the
crew of the Thaddeus subsequently becoming the first major Christian missionaries to arrive there.
The civil war that unified it is described in the Memoirs of Henry Obookiah, and created a dynasty,
which later had Gerrit Judd ruling under it as Prime Minister and ended when Bernice Bishop refused to
take the throne. Once ruled by an elected king, William Lunalilo, this land was the subject of reports by
John Morgan and James Blount investigating whether John L. Stevens unjustly used royal attempts to
revise the Bayonet Constitution as a pretext to overthrow its last queen. FTP, Sanford Dole replaced
Liliuokalani as leader of, what archipelago, which became America’s 50th state?
ANSWER: Hawaii
Mad King Ludwig Memorial History Tournament
Chicago Open 2006 History Doubles, July 28, 2006
Questions by Chris Frankel
Bonuses, Round 8
1. Answer the following about a feminist family, FTPE.
[10] Sylvia was an outspoken communist and cofounder of the Woman’s Peace Army, while her sister
Christabel worked with their mother in establishing the Women's Social and Political Union.
ANSWER: Pankhursts
[10] The Pankhursts’ and the WSPU’s pro-World War I stance suggested a possible tie between them and
this Charles Fitzgerald founded movement, which encouraged women to present civilian men in Britain
with the namesake objects, which were symbols of cowardice, in order to coerce them into enlisting.
ANSWER: Order of the White Feather
[10] Emmeline Pankhurst was linked to the bombing of the country house of this future prime minister,
who would go on to represent Britain at the Versailles peace talks.
ANSWER: David Lloyd George
2. It burned down the house of Cao Xulin. FTPE:
[10] Spawned by spring 1919 student riots in Peking in protest of the Treaty of Versailles, it evolved into a
movement calling for progressive and democratic reforms in imperialist China.
ANSWER: May 4th Movement
[10] Yuan Shih-kai’s early capitulation to this Japanese statement, which issued a set of orders that
included instructing China to recognize Japanese authority in Manchuria and Mongolia, was one of the
chief points of contention for the May 4th Movement.
ANSWER: Twenty One Demands
[10] In the Twenty One Demands, Japan also called for control of this eastern Chinese province, which
borders the Yellow Sea and contains Tsingtao. It was previously held as a German possession.
ANSWER: Shandong or Shantung
3. Identify these works that bitched about American society being stagnant or some crap like that, FTPE.
[10] In this treatise, Brooks Adams offers the titular theory linking the rise and fall of societies to
commercial success. After tracing the history of Rome, the Crusades, and the Reformation, Adams argues
that the U.S. must undergo continued expansion or began declining back into a state of barbarism.
ANSWER: The Law of Civilization and Decay
[10] The proliferation of suburbia and white-collar corporate culture was draining the individuality from
the average worker and turning him into the titular conformity-minded persona, according to this William
Whyte book.
ANSWER: The Organization Man
[10] Published in 1963, this uppity book ranted that traditional norms created a “cult of domesticity,”
forcing women to play the role of the “happy housewife” and abandon their ambitions for independence
and successful careers.
ANSWER: The Feminine Mystique
4. Stuff about a Byzantine dynasty, FTPE.
[10] Isaac I was the first of this family to gain power, but was succeeded by Constantine X Ducas. Alexius
I, the subject of Anna’s Alexiad, regained the throne for it and started a dynasty, which ruled until 1185.
ANSWER: Comnenus or Comnenid or Comnenian
[10] Succeeding Alexius I and John II, this man was the third leader of the Comnenus Dynasty. Written
about by John Kinnamos, he oversaw the passage of the Second Crusade through his territory and waged
war against such men as Raymond of Antioch and Roger of Sicily.
ANSWER: Manuel I
[10] After the Fourth Crusaders’ sack of Constantinople, another Alexius Comnenus formed this tiny
offshoot empire on the southeast coast of the Black Sea and to the east of Nicea. Its leaders took the title of
Grand Comnenus and ruled until David Comnenus surrendered to the Ottomans in 1461.
ANSWER: Trebizond
5. FTPE, answer the following about some of those seemingly ubiquitous European secret police groups.
[10] The Sigurimi, established in 1943, was the creation of this dictator, whose right hand man was
Mehmet Shehu.
ANSWER: Enver Hoxha
[10] First led by Felix Dzerzhinsky, this organization later evolved into the GPU. It oversaw the reprisal
against participants of the Kronstadt Rebellion and served as a general enforcer of Bolshevik interests.
ANSWER: VeCheka
[10] Ante Pavelic founded this terrorist movement, whose members became military enforcers when the
Axis Powers established the Independent State of Croatia. Hundreds of thousands of Serbs were executed
at their death camps, such as Jasenovac.
ANSWER: Ustase
6. Leo Wolpert still wants his forty acres and a mule. Appease Leo by answering this bonus. FTPE:
[10] This Ohio native, who briefly served as Grant’s second Secretary of War after the death of John
Rawlins, issued Special Field Order #15, which promised black families forty acres and a mule, and
possibly Will Turner’s backpack.
ANSWER: William Tecumseh Sherman
[10] Oliver Otis Howard headed this government agency, whose main objective was to provide aid to
former slaves in the southern and border states.
ANSWER: Freedman’s Bureau
[10] This Mississippi man was arrested for publishing editorials harshly criticizing Reconstruction. He
sued for the right of habeas corpus under a provision made by the Reconstruction Acts, resulting in an ex
parte Supreme Court case that was defused when Congress pre-emptively voted to remove that provision.
ANSWER: William McCardle
7. Answer the following about the early history of a French territory, FTPE.
[10] Dijon has been the traditional center of this region in eastern France, which counts Philip the Good and
John the Fearless among its historical leaders.
ANSWER: Burgundy
[10] France acquired Burgundy through the efforts of this king, a son of Hugh Capet, who was nicknamed
for his devotion despite the fact that he got excommunicated by Gregory V for marrying his cousin Bertha.
ANSWER: Robert II or Robert the Pious
[10] Contained in Burgundy is this historical Benedictine monastery, founded by William the Pious and
first administered by St. Berno. Urban II and Gregory VII were two of the popes that were trained here.
ANSWER: Cluny
8. For lack of any better bonus ideas, identify some once-prominent African cities. FTPE:
[10] Sunni Ali Ber turned this city on the Niger River into the center of the Songhai Empire.
ANSWER: Gao
[10] Kivinje, Masoko, and the island town of Kisiwani were the three incarnations of this historic city on
the southeast coast of Tanzania, once the center of a Swahili trading empire. Sacked by Portugal in the
early 1500’s, it is often linked to the legend of King Solomon’s Mines.
ANSWER: Kilwa
[10] Legend holds that in this city, Okomfo Anokye received the Golden Stool and buried his sword there
to commemorate it, which is why it became the Ashanti capital.
ANSWER: Kumasi
9. Examples of them include Topaz in Utah, Minidoka in Idaho, and Tule Lake in northern California.
FTPE:
[10] Identify these ten establishments, which were built in response to Executive Order 9066 and were
administered by the WRA.
ANSWER: Japanese internment camps or War Relocation Centers (accept clear knowledge equivalents)
[10] Ansel Adams’ book, Born Free and Equal, contains photographs he took at this Japanese internment
camp in southern California’s Owens Valley. In 1942 it became the first operating camp.
ANSWER: Manzanar War Relocation Center
[10] Hugo Black wrote the majority opinion for this 1944 Supreme Court case, which upheld the
constitutionality of Japanese internment camps and involved an Oakland man who refused to report to one.
ANSWER: Korematsu v. U.S.
10. Answer the following about a group of people comprised of 36 clans. FTPE:
[10] Claiming to be descendents of the original Kshatriya, these Hindu peoples held Northern India during
the Middle Ages. Their dynasties included the Chauhan and Sisodias, and they were incorporated into the
Mughal Empire as part of a marriage-based alliance with Akbar.
ANSWER: Rajputs
[10] In the 12th Century, the Rajputs faced an invasion from Islamic Afghans led by Mohamad of Ghor.
Under Prithvaraja, the Rajputs were finally defeated in the second of a series of battles at this location.
ANSWER: Taraori or Tarain
[10] Islamic victory at Taraori led to the establishment of a sultanate based in this Indian city. It began
under the Slave Dynasty in 1206 and was finally toppled by Babur, who then founded the Mughal Empire.
ANSWER: Delhi
11. Answer some stuff about a group of Russian soldiers, FTPE.
[10] This elite class of musketeers engaged in a failed 1698 uprising against Peter the Great and was purged
shortly afterwards.
ANSWER: Streltsy
[10] A prior revolution by the Streltsy had occurred after the death of Fyodor III, and resulted in Peter and
this retard half-brother of his being named co-rulers, with their sister Sophia serving as regent.
ANSWER: Ivan V
[10] Konstaty Bulavin led another failed revolt against Peter in this southern city located on the mouth of
the Volga and near the Caspian Sea. Its name also refers to a 15th Century Tatar Khanate with a capital at
Xacitarxan.
ANSWER: Astrakhan
12. 19th Century diplomatic relations between Great Britain and the U.S., FTPE.
[10] This treaty allowed both the U.S. and Great Britain to maintain four warships each, including one each
on Champlain and Ontario, but otherwise demilitarized the Great Lakes.
ANSWER: Rush-Bagot Agreement
[10] Richard Rush also joined this ambassador to France, who had earlier been the longest-serving U.S.
Secretary of the Treasury, in the Convention of 1818 with Great Britain, which started the dispute over the
Oregon boundary. This man also helped negotiate the Peace of Ghent.
ANSWER: Albert Gallatin
[10] Washington’s San Juan Island was the site of this bloodless Anglo-American conflict, which was
mediated by Winfield Scott and British Columbia governor James Douglas. The only casualty was a
British-owned animal killed by Lyman Cutlar.
ANSWER: Pig War
13. Answer the following about a man sometimes called the father of sociology. FTPE:
[10] This 14th Century Tunisian-born scholar worked out of Fez, Cairo, and Grenada, and authored a
thorough seven volume history of the Islamic world, the Kitab al-Ibar.
ANSWER: Ibn Khaldun
[10] This first chapter of the Kitab-al-Ibar attributes the rise of civilizations to asabiyya, a positive group
dynamic that inspires a collective unity, and is the most widely studied work of Ibn Khaldun.
ANSWER: Muqaddimah or Prolegomena
[10] Ibn Khaldun wrote an account of the Hajj undertaken by this descendent of Sundiata. Under his rule,
the empire of Mali reached its height, and Timbuktu became a major cultural and educational center.
ANSWER: Mansa Musa
14. Its second major holder was Edward Seymour, the first Duke of Somerset. FTPE:
[10] Name this title, which Somerset took after the death of Henry VIII and the ascendancy of young
Edward VI.
ANSWER: Lord Protector
[10] This last man to hold the title of Lord Protector assumed it in September 1658, and held it until May
1659, when Parliament re-convened and took it away from him.
ANSWER: Richard Cromwell
[10] Gaining the throne as a boy, he would not live much longer than that, as his Lord Protector, Richard of
Gloucester, had him imprisoned in the Tower of London and likely killed.
ANSWER: Edward V
15. Spain had a famous some Restoration periods too. Answer the following about one of them, FTPE:
[10] After the brief experiment of the First Republic, this Bourbon son of Isabella II was given the throne in
1874, establishing a constitutional monarchy in its place.
ANSWER: Alfonso XII
[10] This conservative politician kept alternating his seat as prime minister with Praxades Sagasta until his
1897 assassination. He was the key figure in orchestrating the restoration of Alfonso XII and was the main
writer of Spain’s 1876 constitution.
ANSWER: Antonio Canovas del Castillo
[10] Well before the abdication of Alfonso XIII, Miguel, the father of this Falange founder, led a royallyendorsed military coup and acted as dictator from 1923-1930.
ANSWER: Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera
16. Name these men involved in the power struggle after the death of Alexander the Great, FTPE.
[10] He finally put down the ambitious campaigns of Perdiccas and seized the body of Alexander to stake
his claim to the empire, though he eventually encouraged the dissolution of the empire and settled for just
being King of Egypt.
ANSWER: Ptolemy I Soter
[10] This man put down the Lamian War, driving Demosthenes to suicide, and became regent of
Macedonia after the fall of Perdiccas. He died soon after, being succeeded by his son Cassander.
ANSWER: Antipater
[10] Though not one of the original Diadochi, he emerged as King of Thrace and joined Seleucus,
Cassander, and Ptolemy in an alliance against Antigonus Monopthalamus.
ANSWER: Lysimachus
17. Answer these questions about a military operation, FTPE.
[10] Lasting from January 31 to February 24, it saw a series of simultaneous attacks aimed at Kontum, Ban
Me Thuot, and Nha Trang, and was code-named TCK-TKN by its planners.
ANSWER: Tet Offensive
[10] Once the ancient capital of Vietnam, this city was the scene of some of the Tet Offensive’s most brutal
fighting. After U.S. forces retook this city, it was discovered that the Viet Cong massacred hundreds of
civilians during their occupation.
ANSWER: Hue
[10] Shortly after the Tet Offensive concluded, the Vietnamese ended their 77 day siege of this U.S. Marine
base near the Laotian border. During its siege, it became the most bombed target in military history.
ANSWER: Khe San
18. In his last years, he was a patron of Adolf of Nassau. FTPE:
[10] Name this man, whose eponymous 42-line bible was the first major work to use his moveable type.
ANSWER: Johann Gutenberg
[10] This goldsmith funded Gutenberg’s printing efforts and later won control of his printing equipment in
lawsuit. With Peter Schoeffer, he printed the Psalter of 1457 and continued Gutenberg’s printing business.
ANSWER: Johann Fust
[10] Gutenberg hailed from this city. In 1439, a diet here attempted to pass the second pragmatic sanction
of Pope Eugenius IV’s tenure. The namesake sanction would have weakened papal authority in Germany
had it been confirmed.
ANSWER: Mainz
19. Answer the following about the delightful career of Timothy Pickering. FTPE:
[10] John Hancock coined the name for this group of Federalist partisans based out of a Massachusetts
county. Along with Pickering, Theophilus Parsons, Fisher Ames, and George Cabot were its other
members of this group, who primarily opposed Jefferson’s Embargo Act.
ANSWER: Essex Junto
[10] From 1791-1795, Pickering served in this office, which was a cabinet position until agency it oversaw
was effectively privatized in 1971. Montgomery Blair memorably held it under Abraham Lincoln.
ANSWER: Postmaster General
[10] Between his stints as Postmaster General and Secretary of State, Pickering became the second man to
hold this cabinet position, doing so briefly in 1795. He was succeeded by James McHenry.
ANSWER: Secretary of War
20. Stuff about the Sassanids, FTPE.
[10] While establishing the dynasty, Ardasir I took this city from the Parthians in 224 AD. It would
become the capital of the Sassanid Empire.
ANSWER: Ctesiphon
[10] The namesake of the dynasty, Sassan, was a priest of this Persian religion that worshipped Ahura
Mazda and became the Sassanid state religion.
ANSWER: Zoroastrianism (do not accept “Zurvanism”)
[10] The last two great Sassanid kings shared this name. The first, called “Anushirvan,” or “the Immortal
Soul,” was a reformer who signed an “Endless Peace” treaty with Justinian. The second, “The Victorious,”
fought numerous wars with the Byzantines despite earlier allying with Emperor Maurice.
ANSWER: Khosrow or Khosrau