Download DNA - Hartland High School

Unit 3b Review Sheet
DNA
1. What is the function of DNA? What does DNA code for?
2. What is the shape of DNA?
3. What two people discovered the model of DNA?
4. What are the “side rails” or backbone of DNA made up of?
5. What are the “rungs” of DNA made up of?
6. What are the “building blocks” of nucleic acids?
7. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
8. What are the four different kinds of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
9. What does the nitrogen base pairing rule state?
10. What is the process of copying DNA?
11. The sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA is
A-T-A-C-C-G-T-C-A-T-G-A-T. What is the complementary strand?
RNA/Transcription/Translation
12. What is mRNA responsible for?
13. Describe the structure of RNA?
14. What nitrogen-base does RNA have that DNA does not?
15. List and describe each type of RNA:
16. What is the process of transcription?
17. If our strand of DNA looked like this:
TACTTCGAGTACCATATT
What would our corresponding RNA strand look like?
18. What is a codon?
19. Describe the process of translation? Where does it take place?
20. What structure in the cell are proteins made at (Hint: rRNA makes this structure)?
21. What is an anticodon?
a. Using the DNA sequence, make a complimentary RNA strand from both the human and
the cow. Write the RNA directly below the DNA strand (remember to substitute U’s for T’s
in RNA)
b. Use the codon chart I gave you or the one on page 298 to determine what amino acids are
assembled to make this specific protein that is found both in a cow and a human. Write
your amino acids chain directly below the RNA sequence.
Sequence 1 - Human
C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A
RNA :
Amino Acids:
Sequence 2 - Cow
C C G T A G C A T G T T A C A A C G C G A A G G C A C
RNA:
Amino Acids:
Mutations
What are the two types of DNA or gene mutations?
1.
2. There are two types for this one:
a.
b.
Explain the different types of chromosomal mutations. Include a picture of each.
1. DELETIONS 
2. DUPLICATIONS 
3. INVERSIONS 
4. TRANSLOCATIONS 