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Name ______________________________________________________________________________ Period _________ 7th Grade Science Study Guide 1 7-1: Science Inquiry & 7-5: Chemistry Part I: 7-1.2: Scientific Investigation Name the independent and dependent variables in the scenarios below: Scenario Independent Variable Dependent Variable 1. Stephen wants to know how the brand of popcorn affects the number of kernels left in the bag. 2. Gaillard studies the effect of time spent practicing basketball on number of points scored in a game. 3. Kiki ask the question, “How does hours spent studying affect science grades?” 4. Peter wants to know how the amount of baking soda added to vinegar affects the amount of bubbles produced. 5. Sydney wants to know how amount of exercise affects heart rate. 7-1.3 Controlled Scientific Investigation 6. Why is it important to test only 1 variable at a time in an experiment? 7. Circle the correct word in bold: a. Quantitative measurements use numbers/senses b. Qualitative measurements use numbers/senses. 8. Identify the following as QN for Quantitative and QL for qualitiative. _______ The air smells like smoke. _______ Lemons taste sour because they are acids. _______ The mass of the aluminum is 10 kg. _______ Steel wool feels rough. _______ The density is 100 g/mL. _______ The plant is short. 7-1.4: Repeated Trials & Sample Size 9. How many times does an experiment need to be replicated (or repeated)? 10. In order for an experiment to be reliable, a large | small sample must be tested. 7-1.5: Using Tables & Graphs 11. What type of graph is shown at right? 12. Identify the variables on the graph at right; _________________________________ independent variable ____________________________ dependent variable 13. Why was no fertilizer put on some of the tomato plants? 14. What conclusion can be drawn from the graph at right? 15. Von looks at the temperature that water boils. He collects the following data. Make a graph of Von’s data. Time (sec) Temp (˚C) 0 20 30 40 60 60 90 80 120 100 150 100 180 100 16. The temperature 100 degrees is the __________________________________________________ of water. 17. In the graph above, why does the temperature not increase past 100 degrees? 18. Identify the variables on the graph at right; _________________________________ independent variable ____________________________ dependent variable 19. What type of graph is shown at right? 20. Graphs that show data changing over time are called: bar graphs | line graphs ? Part II: 7-5.1 & 7-5.2: Matter - Atoms, Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures 21. Fill in the blanks with the proper definitions below: Atom Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture a. A(n) ___________________________________________________ is not a pure substance and is clear in appearance. b. A(n) ______________________________________________ is the smallest unit of matter than cannot be broken down. c. A(n) ______________________________________ is 2 or more ___________________________________ combined. d. A (n)________________________________________________ is not a pure substance and is cloudy in its appearance. 22. Fill in the diagram with the proper names from the word bank below. Part III: 7-5.3: Comparing Metals & Nonmetals 23. Match the following words with the proper definition. a. Luster __________ Able to be hammered into different shapes b. Brittle __________Not shiny c. Dense __________Breaks easily d. Conductor __________Heat & electricity move through easily e. Nonconductor __________Able to be drawn into wire f. __________Heat and electricity do not pass through Ductile g. Malleable __________Heavy for their size h. Dull __________Shiny 24. Write the words from above in the proper location in the table below. Metals Nonmetals 7-5.4 The Periodic Table 25. Write the names of the elements and then circle whether they are M: NM: metals or nonmetals. You may need your Periodic Table to help you. O ____________________ M / NM H ______________________ M / NM N ______________________ M / NM Na ___________________ M / NM C______________________ M / NM Cl ______________________ M / NM 26. a. ___________________________________ are the rows on the periodic table. b. ___________________________________ are the columns on the periodic table. 27. Elements in the same family / period share similar properties. 28. Color the family red and the period yellow in the pictures below and at right. 29. Look at the 2 pictures you just colored: a. What elements are in the same family as sodium? __________________________________________________ b. What elements are in the same period as sodium? __________________________________________________ 30. Label the items in the picture below: 31. Based on the information given in the table at right, which 2 elements will have the MOST similar chemical properties? 32. How are elements arranged on the periodic table? 33. Fill in the table below: Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Number Atomic Mass H Sodium N 6 Chlorine 15.9994 34. Put the element symbols from the table above in the order they are found on the Periodic Table. H, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, Part IV: 7-5.5 Chemical Symbols & Formulas 35. Write the chemical symbols for: Name Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Sodium Chlorine Carbon Symbol 36. Write the chemical formulas for: Name Oxygen gas Nitrogen gas Water Sugar Salt Carbon dioxide Symbol 37. Circle the subscripts in the chemical formulas above. 38. What is the difference between oxygen and oxygen gas? 39. How many atoms are in CaCO3? _______________ How many atoms are in CuCl2? _______________ How many atoms are in NH3? ____________ How many atoms are in NaOH? _________ 40. How many atoms make up a molecule of water? ___________ 41. Identify the following as E: elements and C: compounds or M: element molecules _________No __________N2 _________NO _________O2 7-5.7 Reactants & Products 42. Ms. Kimar tells you that in today’s science lab, you are going to produce water. Circle the reactants and underline the products in the following equation. 2H2 + O2 2H20 a. What is/are the name(s) of the reactant (s) ? __________________________________________________________ b. What is/are the name(s) of the product(s)? ____________________________________________________________ 43. What is the name of the product in the following equation? C + O2 CO2 _____________________________________________________________________ 44. What do chemical equations tell you? Circle the reactants and underline the products in the following equations. Then give the number of atoms in each. 45. Fe + O2 Fe2O3 Fe = O= Fe= O= 36. H2 O2 H2O + O2 H= O= H= O= 37. Fe2Cl2 Fe + Cl2 Fe= Cl= F= Cl= 38. Na + Cl2 NaCl Na= Cl= Na= Cl= Part V: 7-5.8 Balancing Chemical Equations 46. Circle the coefficients in the following equations: a. 2H2O b. 2 C8H12O8 c. 2 MgF2 d. 2 Fe2O3 47. Which of the parts of a chemical equation can be changed in order to balance the equation? ______________________________ 48. In order to find the total number of atoms in a chemical formula, you must __________________ the coefficient and the subscript. a. add b. subtract c. multiply d. divide Give the total number of atoms of each in element in the compounds below. Then give the name of the compound. 49. 4 NaCl 44. 3 CO2 Na= Cl = 45. 5 H2O C= O= ___________________ Name ___________________ Name 46. 2 C6H12O6 H= O= C= H= O= ___________________ Name ___________________ Name List the atoms in the reactants and the products in the following equations and circle whether or not they are balanced: 50. 2H2 + O2 H= O= 2H2O H= O= Balanced / Unbalanced 51. 2C + 2H2 C= H= CH4 C= H= Balanced / Unbalanced 2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2 Na= Cl= Na= Cl= Balanced / Unbalanced 2Na + O2 2 Na2O Na= O= Na= O= Balanced / Unbalanced N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 N= H= N= H= Balanced / Unbalanced 4P + O2 P4O10 P= O= P= O= Balanced / Unbalanced 52. Which of the following summarizes the Law of Conservation of Matter as applied to a chemical reaction? a. The total mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products. b. The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products. c. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. d. Matter cannot change form. 53. What is the Law of Conservation of Matter? Use the Law of Conservation of matter to explain why an equation must be balanced. Part VI: 7-5.9 Physical and Chemical Properties 54. How are physical and chemical properties useful? 55. Identify the following a C: chemical properties or P: physical properties. __________Flammable _________ A boiling point of 100˚C __________ Rust __________ Reaction to acid __________A density of 0.79 g/ml _________Colorless __________Burn _________ Melting point of 0˚C 56. True or False: The ability to rust involves a substance reacting quickly with oxygen . 57. True or False: The ability to burn involves a substance reacting slowly with oxygen. 7-5.10 Physical & Chemical Changes 58. Fill in the table with the properties of physical and chemical changes: Change the composition of a substance Only change the physical properties of a substance Form a new substance Physical changes Boiling Burning Precipitate Melting Tearing Bubbles Chemical changes 59. Label the following as C: chemical change or P: physical change __________Water evaporating _________ Wood turning to ash __________Ice cream melting _________A glass breaking 60. Fill in the blanks with proper type of change: a. During a ______________________ change, a substance may look different but its identity does not change. b. During a _______________________ change, a chemical reaction occurs, causing a new substance to form, which changes the identity of that substance,. 61. What are the signs that a chemical change has taken place? 7-5.6: Acids, Bases, & Neutral Solutions 62. Identify the following as properties/examples of A: acids or B: bases or N: neutral substances. ________Tastes sour __________ Turns red litmus paper blue ______ Vinegar _________Feels slippery __________ Turns blue litmus paper red _______Orange juice _________Tastes bitter __________ Phenolphthalein turns it bright pink _______Soap _________ pH of 3 __________ pH of 7 _______pH of 14 63. A student places red litmus paper in a solution. The red litmus paper turns purple. Then the student places blue litmus paper in the solution and it also turns. What can the student conclude? 64. What is a potential pH of the substance is the question above? 65. What is phenolphthalein used to test for? 66. Put a > symbol next to the stronger substance. Lemon: pH=4 ________ Lime: pH=5 Ammonia: pH=11 ________ Bleach: pH=13 67. Fill in the chart below. 68. Place the lemon, lime, ammonia, and bleach on the chart above.