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Political
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Intellectual
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Technology
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Economics
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Religion
Art
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13 colonies (revolutionaries) vs. England (Royalists)
1776 Declaration of Independence. The actual independence was recognized in
1783 in the treaty of Paris.
Liberalism inspired revolts and nation building.
Latin American Revolutions:
 Haiti (Slave Revolt)
 Quito :(1822: Simón Bolívar & Antonio José de Sucre)
 Caracas: 1819
 New Granada: 1821
 Argentina: (San Martin)
 Chile: (O’Higgins)
 Perú: (Battle of Ayacucho)
 México: (Miguel Hidalgo & Iturbide)
Imperialism in Africa and Asia (Leopold I & Benjamin Disraeli)
French Revolution against Absolute Monarchy.
 Congress of Vienna: Slavery was abolished in Europe, and temporary
boundaries were set
 Berlin Conference: Africa gets divided by the Europeans
Tokugawa Dynasty: Shogun
 Feudalism
 Ends in 1911
Qing Dynasty: Last Dynasty before the People’s Republic of China
Japanese women publish novels
Enlighten thinkers such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu inspired
revolutionary movements (French Revolution)
Christianity was still powerful in Europe and America, but lost political power.
Religion became more personal and less a tradition.
Philosophy replaced religion.
Impressionism
Romanticism
Post-Modernism
Industrial Revolution Inventions:
 Railroads
 Spinning Jenny
 Steam Engine
 Airplane
 Telegraph and Telephone
Imperialism in Africa and Asia- control of economic policies and supply and
demand.
Capitalism grew during imperialism (more natural resources and consumers)
Banking Industry
Joint Stock Companies; Vertical and Horizontal Organization
Qing Dynasty economy was based on agriculture
Tokugawa and Qing Dynasty had an isolated economy, because they had one open
port, which gave nationalism and protected the income.
Social
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Growth of nationalism
Social Darwinism was applied in the colonies during imperialism
Meting Pot Effect during Nation Building
Tokugawa Dynasty had geishas and samurais, which were important to their
culture.