Download Animal Systems 2

Animal Systems 2
1. Types of Feeding
a. Suspension, sustrate, fluid, bulk
2. Diet and Nutrition
a. Essential vs Nonessential Amino Acids
b. Essential Fatty Acids
c. Vitamins and Minerals
d. Undernourishment, overnourishment
3. Types of Digestion
a. Four steps
b. Extracellular vs. intracellular
c. GVC
d. Alimentary Canals
4. Enzymes used in Mammalian Digestion (Chart)
a. Overview of enzymes in digestion and where they are located
5. Pathway of digestion
a. Organs and Accesory organs (name-function-location)
b. Absorption of fats vs. nutrients
6. Digestive System (miscellaneous)
a. Dentition
b. ruminants
7. Types of Circulation and Gas Exchange
a. GVC
b. Open vs. Closed
c. Hemolymph vs. Blood
d. Blood pressure, arteries, veins, capillaries
8. Different Vertebrate Circulatory Systems (contrast pulmonary circuits)
a. Fish
b. Amphibian
c. Mammal
9. Pathway of Blood in Mammals
a. Diagram and List
10. Cardiac Cycles and Blood Flow
a. Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume
b. SA and AV Nodes and contraction
c. Blood Pressure
d. Diastole, systole
11. Blood Vessels
a. Structure
b. Difference between veins and arteries
12. Lymphatic System
a. What is it?
b. How does it work?
13. Blood Components
a. Why is it considered connective tissue?
b. 5 types of leukocytes and what they do
c. Fibrinogen and fibrin
14. Cardiovascular diseases
a. Hypercholesterolemia, LDLs and HDLs
b. Hypertension
c. Atherosclerosis
d. Heart attack and stroke
15. Respiratory system
a. Gas exchange, respiratory mediums and respiratory surfaces
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b. Gills and countercurrent exchange
c. Tracheal systems
d. Lungs
Alveoli
a. Diagram
b. Explanation of gas exchange
c. Tidal volume, residual volume, and vital capacity
d. Bohr shift
Immune System
a. External and internal defenses
b. Inflammatory response
c. Innate vs acquired immunity
d. Antigen, antibody, epitope
Overview of acquired immune response
a. Summarize how the body adapts to a pathogen
B cells
a. B cells
b. Memory B Cells
T cells
a. Cytotoxic T cells
b. Helper T cells
c. Primary vs. secondary immune reponse
MHC molecules
a. Class I
b. Class II
Antibodies
a. Classes
b. Blood groups and transfusions
Immune Diseases
a. Allergies
b. Autoimmune diseases
c. Immunodeficiencies
d. Acquired immunodeficiencies
Excretory System
a. Osmoconformers and osmoregulators
b. Osmosis
c. Water animals vs land animals
Nitrogenous Wastes
a. Types and concentrations as indicators of habitat
How waste is filtered from the body
a. Diagram
b. Nephridia, Malpighian Tubes, and kidneys
The Nephron
a. Diagram
b. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
c. Tubules
d. Concentration gradients
ADH
a. Control of water balance
b. Feedback, how?