Download SENTENCE STRUCTURE

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
that or –ing?
He denied being involved./that he was involved.
admit, consider,deny, imagine,mention,recall,
suggest
*describe –ing or how
Did you mention that you had seen him?
=Did you mention seeing him?
They ought to admit that they had stolen the bike.
May I suggest that we give them a present?
BUT only –ing after the following verbs
adore,avoid,delay,detest,dread,enjoy,fancy,
finish,keepmind,miss,postpone,practise,res
ent,risk,stop
Will they enjoy using it?
I don´t mind telling you.
They enjoy being praised.
inf.
advise,agree,ask,choose,decide,encourage,
expect,
hope,intend,learn,mean,offer,promise,
refuse,want
She agreed to let us use the computer.
I decided not to go out for the evening.
I didn´t want them to go.
4)
Focusing
*The problem is
The thing is
The solution is
The answer is
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The solution is to adopt the policy which will produce the greatest benefits.
*
Word order
She sang beautifully at the concert last night.
We were still waiting for the election result.
Judy was already in bed.
It isn´t dark yet.
** At the meeting last night, she spoke very well.
Slowly, she opened her eyes.
The door opened and in she came.
For years I had to hide what I was thinking.
In 1956 they went to Australia.
***
Perhaps the beaches are cleaner in the north.
Already he was calculating the profits.
It was Ted who broke the news to me.
What we want is money.
It is money that they want.
5) Phrases
I wonder whether or not we are so different from our ancestors.
There has been quite a lot of research into it.
There are many reasons for this.
There appears to be a lot of confusion.
It hasn´t made any difference.
It might be wise to get a new car.
(suggesting)
I think it might be a good idea to stop recording now.
You must come for a meal some time.
(persuading)
I`d like more information.
(wants and wishes)
Perhaps he would have liked to be a teacher.(wanted then but it didn´t happen)
I would like to have felt more relaxed.(wish now that something had happened but it
didn´t happen!)
I´d sooner walk than take the bus.
I wouldn´t mind a cup of tea.
He has to go now.
(someone else considers it an obligation)
You must come to the meeting.
( your own opinion)
They mustn´t talk about politics.
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( it is important that something isn´t done)
You might need to see a doctor.
(necessity)
You needn´t say anything.
(give permission)
I think I had better show this to you.
(obligation)
You should claim your pension 3-4 months before you retire.
/(advising)
I`m going to stay at home tonight.
( your own decision)
I`m tired. I think I`ll go to bed.
(spontaneous)
I´ll do what I can.
(willingness)
Cooking can be fun.
(possibility ^and you are certain))
He might come.
(possibility ^but you are not certain).
They may not have done it.(ei ehkä)
It could have been tomato soup.
I´ll be seeing them when I´ve finished with you.
(arrangements have been made)
By 2010, she will have worked for 36 years.
The Prime Minister flew into Japan yesterday.
= an event that occurred at a particular time in the past
(Obs. Only the past tense in English)
We went for picnics most weekends.
= would go/used to go / something that occurred regularly in the past
I`m afraid I´ve forgotten my book.
= the present effects or future effects of something
He has been here since six o´clock.
= and he is still here
He thought how wonderful it would taste.
= the future from the point of view of the past
His son was taking the driving test.
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6) order of adjectives
size age shape colour nationality material
I met some young Chinese girls.
There was a large round wooden table.
The man was carrying a small black plastic bag.
7)vocabulary
verb+ noun patterns
have +
meals= breakfast,lunch,dinner,supper,tea,coffee,taste
talking= chat,conversation,discussion,talk
washing=bath,shower,wash
relaxation=break,holiday,rest
disagreement=quarrel,fight,trouble,argument
give+
human noises=cry,gasp,giggle,laugh,scream,shout,sigh,
whistle
facial expressions= grin, smile
hitting= punch,push,slap
talking=advice,answer,example,lecture,interview,information,report,warning,talk,lesso
n
make +
talking and sounds= comment, enquiry,noise,remark.sound,promise,speech,
suggestion,point
plans= arrangement,choice,decision,plan
travelling= journey,tour,trip,visit
others: make a mistake make one´s bed
take +
care,interest,chance,risk,trouble,turns,responsibility, decision,charge, offence
do+
housework
work generally
= the cooking, the shopping,the washing/ tidying up
do one´s hair
go
+ -ing
sports and outdoor activities
go jogging/running/swimming/skiing/skating/hiking/ sailing /mountain climbing
also go for a jog etc
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