Download Bioorganic chemistry_3

Виконавець – доц. Острівка О.І.
Кафедра біохімії
Module 3
Dental faculty 2- d course
1. Free ammonia is liberated during the catabolism of
A. Cytosine
B. Uracil
C. Thymine
D. All of these
E. None of these
ANSWER: D
2. Genetic information flows from
A. DNA to DNA
B. DNA to RNA
C. RNA to cellular proteins
D. DNA to cellular proteins
E. RNA to RNA
ANSWER: B
3. Gout is a metabolic disorder of catabolism of
A. Pyrimidine
B. Purine
C. Alanine
D. Phenylalanine
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: B
4. Hypouricaemia can occur in
A. Xanthine oxidase deficiency
B. Psoriasis
C. Leukaemia
D. All of these
E. None of these
ANSWER: A
5. Orotic aciduria can be controlled by
A. Oral administration of orotic acid
B. Decreasing the dietary intake of orotic acid
C. Decreasing the dietary intake of pyrimidines
D. Oral administration of uridine
E. Both B and D
ANSWER: D
6. RNA does not contain
A. adenine
B. OH methyl cytosine
C. d-ribose
D. Uracil
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: B
7. Transcription is the formation of
A. DNA from a parent DNA
B. mRNA from a parent mRNA
C. pre mRNA from DNA
D. protein through mRNA
E. protein through DNA
ANSWER: C
8. Translation is the formation of
A. DNA from DNA
B. mRNA from DNA
C. Protein through mRNA
D. mRNA from pre mRNA
E. Protein through DNA
ANSWER: C
9. Whcih of the following compound is present in RNA but absent from DNA?
A. Thymine
B. Cytosine
C. Uracil
D. Guanine
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: C
10. A purine nucleotide is
A. AMP
B. UMP
C. CMP
D. TMP
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: A
11. Alimentary hyperuricemia, which can appear due to functioning of „salvage pathway” in
which excess of hypoxanthine transforms into:
A. Xanthine
B. Inosine
C. Uric acid
D. Guanine
E. Uracil
ANSWER: D
12. De novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides occurs in
A. Mitochondria
B. Cytosol
C. Microsomes
D. Nucleus
E. Ribosomes
ANSWER: B
13. Deficiency of which of below mentioned enzyme causes orotaciduria?
A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ІІ
B. Aspartate carbamoyl transferase
C. Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase
D. Orotate carboxylase
E. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
ANSWER: C
14. Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints results in development of such desease:
A. Pellagra
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Xanthinuria
D. Gout
E. Alkaptonuria
ANSWER: D
15. For the synthesis of pyrimidine bases used all substanses except:
A. NH3
B. CO2
C. ATP
D. N2O
E. H2SO4
ANSWER: E
16. Gout is characterized by increased plasma levels of
A. Urea
B. Uric acid
C. Creatine
D. Creatinine
E. Ammonia
ANSWER: B
17. In humans end product of purine catabolism is
A. Uric acid
B. Urea
C. Allantoin
D. Xanthine
E. Ammonia
ANSWER: A
18. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked recessive disorder is due to the lack of the
enzyme:
A. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferse
B. Xanthine oxidase
C. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase
D. Adenosine deaminase
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: A
19. Medicine, which is used for treatment of gout is the structural analogue of
hypoxanthine, it:
A. Salts of lithium
B. Anturan
C. Allopyrinol
D. Uridine
E. Acetilisoniazid
ANSWER: C
20. Name nitrogenous bases included into the structure of RNA:
A. Guanine, uracil, thymine
B. Cytosine, adenine, thymine
C. Uracil, adenine, guanine
D. Adenine, thymine, guanine
E. Thymine, adenine, uracil
ANSWER: C
21. Name the structural monomers of DNA molecule:
A. Mononucleotides
B. Nucleosides
C. Nitric bases
D. Polynucleotides
E. Peptides
ANSWER: A
22. Nitrogenous bases are used for the synthesis of such substances as?
A. Cholesterol
B. Carbohydrates
C. Catecholamines
D. Nucleic acids
E. Fatty acids
ANSWER: D
23. Nucleic acids are:
A. Mononucleotides
B. Nucleosides
C. Nucleoproteins
D. Polynucleotides
E. Dinucleotides
ANSWER: D
24. Orotaciduriya is accompanied the followings symptoms:
A. Dermatitis of the opened areas of body
B. Bleeding, disorders of growth
C. Disorders of mental development, galactosemia
D. Disorders of physical and mental development, megaloblastic anemia
E. Diarrhea, dermatitis, demention
ANSWER: D
25. The end product of purine catabolism in man is
A. Inosine
B. Hypoxanthine
C. Xanthine
D. Uric acid
E. Urea
ANSWER: D
26. In DNA guanine always pairs with
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Thymine
E. Uracil
ANSWER: D
27. In DNA, thymine always pairs with
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Thymine
E. Uracil
ANSWER: A
28. In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
A. Ribase
B. Ligase
C. Deoxase
D. Helicase
E. Polymerase
ANSWER: D
29. Name nitrogen bases that enter to the structure of DNA:
A. Guanine, uracil, thymine
B. Cytosine, uracil, thymine
C. Uracil, adenine, guanine
D. Adenine, thymine, guanine
E. Thymine, adenine, uracil
ANSWER: D
30. Name nitrogenous bases included into the structure of RNA:
A. Guanine, uracil, thymine
B. Cytosine, adenine, thymine
C. Uracil, adenine, guanine
D. Adenine, thymine, guanine
E. Thymine, adenine, uracil
ANSWER: C
31. Name the mechanism of DNA replication:
A. Semiconservative
B. Conservative
C. Depressive
D. Repressive
E. Replicative
ANSWER: A
32. Named the structural monomers of DNA molecule:
A. Mononucleotides
B. Nucleosides
C. Nitric bases
D. Polynucleotides
E. Peptides
ANSWER: A
33. Primer is synthesized by specific:
A. Primase
B. DNA – ligase
C. RNA – ligase
D. RNA - polymerase
E. None of above
ANSWER: A
34. RNA synthesis on a DNA template is called __________.
A. Transformation
B. Translation
C. Transduction
D. Transcription
E. Transfection
ANSWER: D
35. What biochemical symptoms are specific for diabetes mellitus?
A. Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, decreased urine density
B. Hypoglycemia, glucosuria, increased urine density, acidosis
C. Hypoglycemia, glucosuria, normal urine density
D. Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, decreased urine density, acidosis
E. Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, increased urine density, acidosis
ANSWER: E
36. What from next hormones has anabolic effects?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Epinephrine
D. Thyroxine in high concentrations
E. Norepinephrine
ANSWER: A
37. What from the transferred hormones is not secreted by a pancreas?
A. Somatostatin;
B. Glucagon;
C. Somatomedin;
D. Insulin;
E. Lipocain.
ANSWER: C
38. What hormone promotes glycogen synthesis?
A. Glucagon
B. Epinephrine
C. Thyroxine
D. Insulin
E. Parathormone
ANSWER: D
39. What is the chemical nature of catecholamins?
A. Proteins
B. Peptids
C. Derivatives of amino acid
D. Steroids
E. Derivatives of arachidonic acid
ANSWER: C
40. What is the chemical nature of insulin?
A. Nucleotide
B. Protein
C. Steroid
D. Carbohydrate
E. Lipid
ANSWER: B
41. Where are catecholamins secrected?
A. In a thyroid gland
B. In a parathyroid glands
C. In the cortex of a suprarenal gland
D. In the medulla of a suprarenal gland
E. In the islets of Langerhans of pancreas
ANSWER: D
42. Where is insulin synthesized?
A. In alfa-cells of Langergans ilets
B. In the beta-cells of Langergans ilets
C. In the delta-cells of Langergansa ilets
D. In the endothelial cells of conclusion channels of pancreas
E. In стромі of pancreas
ANSWER: B
43. Which from below mentioned hormones is a complex protein?
A. ACTH.
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Glucagon
E. Somatostatin
ANSWER: B
44. A dietary deficiency of iodine can:
A. Directly affect the synthesis of thyroglobulin on ribosomes
B. Result in increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Result in decreased production of thyrotropin releasing hormone
D. Result in increased heat production
E. Result in decreased heat production
ANSWER: B
45. Adrenaline is...
A. Produced by the adrenal cortex
B. Also called epinephrine
C. Released when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
ANSWER: B
46. An example of a mineralocorticoid is:
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Aldosterone
D. Testosterone
E. Insulin
ANSWER: C
47. Chemical nature of sex hormones
A. Proteins
B. Peptides
C. Steroids
D. Derivates of the unsaturated fatty acids
E. Derivates of amino acids
ANSWER: C
48. Choose a male sex hormone:
A. Estradiole
B. Testosterone
C. Cortizon
D. Progesterone
E. Cortikosterone
ANSWER: B
49. Choose the correct name of the state of hyperglycemia and glucosuria that appears in
hypercorticism?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Steroid diabetes
D. Kidney diabetes
E. Adrenal diabetes
ANSWER: C
50. Excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
A. Is called hypothyroidism
B. Can cause nervousness, irregular heartbeat, and weight loss
C. Can cause stunted growth and retardation in children
D. Can cause a goiter
E. Can cause riskets
ANSWER: B
51. For a patient megaloblastic anaemia. The expedient setting of treatment the vitamin of
B12 is in combination with the following preparation:
A. Nicotinic acid
B. Lipoic acid
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Folic acid
E. Pangamic acid
ANSWER: D
52. A doctor-dietitian advises to a patient with perinecious anaemia to use a half raw liver in
the diet. The presence of which vitamin in this product does stimulate the process of
hemopoesis?
A. Vitamin B2
B. Vitamin B1
C. Vitamin. B12
D. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin H
ANSWER: C
53. A patient complains about a general weakness and bleeding of gums. Insufficiency of
which vitamin can be reason of such state?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin H
E. Vitamin D
ANSWER: A
54. A patient complains about absence of appetite, nausea, pain of stomach, diarrhea, head
ache, disorders of memory. There is dermatitis in the area of the neck and face.
Insufficiency of which vitamin does cause such symptoms?
A. Vitamin B5
B. Vitamin B1
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B2
E. Vitamin B6
ANSWER: A
55. A patient complains about loss of weight, general weakness, pain in the area of heart,
petehial hemorrhages, bleeding of gums, loss of teeth. The lack of which vitamin does cause
such symptoms?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin PP
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin B2
ANSWER: C
56. A patient was diagnosed with beri-beri disease. Activity of which enzyme is inhibited in
an organism of the patient?
A. Fumarase
B. Citrate synthase
C. Malate dehydrogenase
D. Succinate dehydrogenase
E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
ANSWER: E
57. At bleeding the synthetic analogue of vitamin K was used. Choose it
A. Dikumarol
B. Vikasol
C. Phylokhinon
D. Galascorbin
E. Ubikhinon
ANSWER: B
58. Concentration of Ca in blood of a patient is increased. Tubular reabsorption of calcium is
increased by
A. Cholecalciferol
B. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
C. Calcitriol
D. Both B and C
E. All of these
ANSWER: C
59. Formation of collagen in the organism needs hydroxylating of proline which takes a
place with participation of proline hydroxylase. Which vitamin activates this process:
A. NAD
B. Biotin
C. Ascorbic acid
D. FAD
E. Pyridoxine phosphate
ANSWER: C
60. Patient complains for dry lips, cracks and “crusts” in the mouth corners, bright red
tongue, dermatitis of nasolabial folds, photophobia and conjunctivitis. To the lack of which
vitamin is it related?
A. Riboflavin
B. Cholecalciferol
C. Pyridoxin
D. Coballamin
E. Ascorbic acid
ANSWER: A
61. The most credible clinical-biochemical sign of sickle cell anaemia is:
A. Uremia
B. Hemoragy
C. Hyperglicemia
D. Anemia
E. Glukosuria
ANSWER: D
62. The people-transmitters of gene of HbS have replacement in position 6 of t-chain of
hemoglobin on a valine:
A. Methionine
B. Glutamic acid
C. Serine
D. Cysteine
E. Tryptophan
ANSWER: B
63. The people-transmitters of gene of HbS have an origin and development of desease:
A. Talasemia
B. Hemoglobinose С
C. Sickle cell anaemia
D. Hemoglobinose F
E. Hemoglobinose D
ANSWER: C
64. Among the types of haemoglobin, indicate type of Hb of healthy person:
A. HbE
B. HbD
C. HbN
D. HbA
E. Е. HbS
ANSWER: D
65. As a result of poisoning with carbon monoxide a person has got a head-ache, short
breath, vertigo. The decline of the content of what compound in blood resulted in this?
A. Oxyhemoglobin
B. Carboxyhemoglobin
C. Carbhemoglobin
D. Methemoglobin
E. Deoxyhemoglobin
ANSWER: A
66. In the hospital of first-aid brought the patient M. which was poisoned carbon monoxide
(CO). The spectral analysis of blood of patient confirmed a presence in it:
A. Carboxyhemoglobin
B. Methemoglobin
C. Carbhemoglobin
D. Oxyhemoglobin
E. Carbylaminhemoglobin
ANSWER: A
67. Intoxicationcan occuer as a result of the increase of carbon monoxide concentration in
the air. Thus, transport of oxygen from the lungd to tissues realized by hemoglobin breaks.
What hemoglobin derivative appers in this case?
A. Methemoglobin
B. Oxyhemoglobin
C. Carboxyhemoglobin
D. Carbhemoglobin
E. Hemochromogen
ANSWER: A
68. lymphatic vessels are blocked because of injury or disease?
A. Hemophilia
B. Stroke
C. Edema
D. Acidosis
E. Alcalosis
ANSWER: B
69. Which class of antibody is secreted into breast milk where it is delivered to the suckling
neonate, and transported through the gut lumen into blood of the neonate?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgD
E. IgE
ANSWER: A
70. In a patient increased rotting of proteins in an intestine. How are the toxic products of
this process harmless?
A. Hydrolysis
B. Isomerisation
C. Solvatacion
D. Partial proteolisis
E. Conugation with sulphuric and glucuronic acids
ANSWER: E
71. 20-year-old patient is diagnised with inherited deficiency of UDP-glucuronyltransferase.
The increased concentration of what blood component confirms the diagnosis?
A. Stercobilinogen
B. Direct (conjugative) bilirubin
C. Urobilin
D. Indirect (conjugation) bilirubin
E. Indican
ANSWER: D
72. A 46-year women, suffering from cholelithiasis developed icterus. The urine become
dark-yellow colour and the feces discolored. The concentration of what substance in the
blood serum woulde rise mostly?
A. Non-conjugation bilirubin
B. Conjugation bilirubin
C. Biliverdin
D. Mesobilirubin
E. Urobilinogen
ANSWER: B
73. A 54 years-old man at the short starvation after the consumption of carbohydrate meal,
hexosis in a liver transform into glucose-6-phosphate, which can feel farther
transformations, except:
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Pentosophosphate cycle
C. Synthesis of glycogen
D. Glycolysis
E. Synthesis of fatty acids
ANSWER: A
74. A new-born child shows signs of yellow coloring of skin and mucous membranes. A
possible cause of this state is the provisional deficiency of the enzyme:
A. UDP-glucuronyltransferase
B. Uridine transferase
C. Heme synthetase
D. Heme oxygenase
E. Biliverdin reductase
ANSWER: A
75. A newborn child is found to have physiological icterus. The level of free bilirubin in the
blood considerably exceeds the normal range. The deficiency of what enzyme is status
conditioned by?
A. Heme oxygenase
B. Transaminase
C. Xanthine oxidase
D. D.Adenosine deaminase
E. UDP-glucuronyltransferase
ANSWER: E
76. A toxic waste product of protein metabolism that produced in the liver must be excreted
from the body is
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Urea
D. Uric acid
E. Only B and D
ANSWER: A
77. A woman with chronic hepatitis complains of sensitivily to barbiturates which she
tolerated before without of the liver is damaged?
A. Excretory
B. Disintoxification
C. Hemodinamic
D. Hemopoetic
E. Cytophagus
ANSWER: B
78. For a patient edemata appeared with the cirrhosis of liver. What is possible reason of
their appearance?
A. Diminishing maintenance of albumin in blood
B. Diminishing maintenance of haptoglobin
C. Increase in blood of ceruloplasmin
D. Diminishing in blood of Na+ ions
E. Lowering maintenance of glucose in blood
ANSWER: A
79. Yellowish skin and mucous membranes of a patient are observed after blood
transfusion. There also increased levels of total and indirect bilirubin in the blood, urobilin in
the urine and stercobilin in the feces. What type of icterus is observed in this case?
A. Icterus of newborn
B. Inherited icterus
C. Posthepatic icterus
D. Hepatic icterus
E. Hemolytic icterus
ANSWER: E
80. At what disease in urine appears the protein of Bens - Jones?
A. Myeloma
B. Amyloidosis of kidneys
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Tuberculosis of kidneys
E. Pyelonephritis
ANSWER: A
81. For a patient which suffers from chronic kidney insufficiency, developed osteoporosis.
Disorder of what process is a principal reason of osteoporosis development?
A. Hydroxylating of proline
B. Hydroxylating of lysine
C. Carboxylation of glutamate
D. Formation of 1,25(ОН)2 D3
E. Hydroxylating of cortisol
ANSWER: D
82. In the urine of a 42 years man, who was in stress for a long time, the amount of 17ketosteroids is increased. This testifies about the increased secretion of:
A. Cortisol
B. Estradiol
C. Epinephrine
D. Norepinephrine
E. Aldosterone
ANSWER: A
82. Mother with her 5 years old child visited a doctor. Child after beeing under sunlight has
the erythema of skin. Laboratory tests showed decrease of iron in blood plasma, increase of
uroporphyrinogen I excretion with urine. The most possible pathology is:
A. erythropoietic porphyria
B. methemoglobinemia
C. hepatic porphyria
D. coproporphyria
E. hemolytic jaudice
ANSWER: A
83. Patient B. suffers from polyuria. Pathological components do not discovered in urine.
What possible reason of this state?
A. Deficiency of oxytocin
B. Excess of vasopressin
C. Deficiency of vasopressin
D. Excess of oxytocin
E. Disorders of liver and kidney’s functions
ANSWER: C
84. Polyuria of patients with diabetes insipidus appears as a result:
A. Insufficient level of antidiuretic hormone in blood
B. Insufficient level of insulin in blood
C. Disorders of reabsorption of water in canaliculies as a result of high osmotic pressure of
urine
D. Excessive intake of liquid
E. Disorders of reabsorption of water in canaliculies as a result of low osmolality of urine
ANSWER: A
85. The analysis demonstrated a 10 times increase of diastase activity. The danger of
autolysis of a patient’s pancreas caused with activating of enzyme:
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Trypsin
D. Lipase
E. Nuclease
ANSWER: C
86. Patient has muscle atony. Name the muscle tissue enzyme, which activity can be
decreased by this state:
A. A-glutamine transferase
B. Amylase
C. Transketolase
D. Creatine phosphokinase
E. Catalase
ANSWER: D
87. Patient of 18 years has the diagnosis of muscle dystrophy. What matter increase in the
blood plasma is the most possible by this pathology?
A. Myoglobine
B. Creatine
C. Myosin
D. Lactate
E. Alanine
ANSWER: B
88. To the patient with the torn tendon muscle of foot a doctor in a holiatry appointed
ascorbic acid which will be instrumental in formation of mature collagen by hydroxylating of
some amino acids. Which amino acids do test such changes?
A. Proline, lysine
B. Phenilalanine, glycine
C. Valine, leucine
D. Tryptophane, treonine
E. Histidin, arginine
ANSWER: A
89. Maple syrup urine diseases is an inborn error of metabolism of
A. Sulphur-containing amino acids
B. Aromatic amino acids
C. Branched chain amino acids
D. Dicarboxylic amino acids
E. None of the above
ANSWER: C
90. Poliuriya of patients with diabetes insipidus appears as a result:
A. Insufficient level of antidiuretic hormone in blood
B. Insufficient level of insulin in blood
C. Disorders of reabsorption of water in canaliculies as a result of high osmotic pressure of
urine
D. Excessive intake of liquid
E. Disorders of reabsorption of water in canaliculies as a result of low osmolality of urine
ANSWER: A
91. Kidney threshold of glucose is:
A. 8 – 10 mmol/l
B. 5 – 10 mmol/l
C. 1 – 5 mmol/l
D. 1 – 2 mmol/l
E. 10 – 15 mmol/l
ANSWER: A
92. Skeletal muscle is
A. Striated and voluntary
B. Nonstriated and involuntary
C. Striated and involuntary
D. Nonstriated and voluntary
E. All of above
ANSWER: C
93. Skeletal muscle is irritated with a series of electropulses in an experiment. Every next
impulse is in the period of the shortening of a single muscular contraction. What type of
muscular contraction will arise?
A. Smooth tetanus
B. Skeletal tetanus
C. Asynchronous tetanus
D. A series of multy contraction
E. Muscle contracture
ANSWER: E
94. Smooth muscles occur in
A. Uterus
B. Artery
C. Vein
D. All the above
E. Bronchi
ANSWER: D
95. Striated muscle is also called
A. ardiac muscle
B. mooth muscle
C. keletal muscle
D. nvoluntary muscle
E. None of the above
ANSWER: C
96. The man's daily secretion of creatinine with urine is:
A. 3-5 g
B. 4-6 g
C. 8-10 g
D. 7-9 g
E. 1-2 g
ANSWER: E
97. The most important function of the skin is
A. Protection
B. Sweating
C. Storing fat
D. Insulation
E. Produced energy
ANSWER: A
98. The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
A. Smooth
B. Skeletal
C. Intercalated
D. Cardiac
E. All of the above
ANSWER: B
99. Patient has increased amount of urea and creatinine in blood and their decrease in
urine. Possible reason of this state are:
A. this state is observed at muscle disease
B. main reason – liver disease
C. diseases, which cause kidney failure
D. the main reason are affection of neutralization, transportation and excretion of ammonia
with urine
E. this state is observed as a result of acid-base equilibrium in the organism
ANSWER: C
100. Phenylketonuria of newborn may be diagnosed after a reaction of urine with:
A. FeCI3
B. CuSO4
C. NaCl
D. Fe+
E. Na3PO4
ANSWER: A