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CHAPTER 5 – THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF CANADIANS THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS -Canada is often considered one of the best countries in the world to live -We place a high value on civil rights (civil rights and freedoms limit the power of the government) -Human rights protect people from being unfairly discriminated against by other individuals -Being equal under the law is a very recent legal concept in human history -Many wars and revolutions had to be fought to get to where we are today DATES OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1215 C.E. - King John signed the Magna Carta, limiting the monarch’s power 1775 - The American Revolution occurred as the Thirteen Colonies fought for their independence from Great Britain July 4, 1776 – The American Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, proclaiming the existence of a new country, the United States of America 1783 – The Treaty of Paris was signed, creating the United States of America 1778 – The Constitution of the United States was written; it did not give rights to common people 1791 – The U.S. Bill of Rights was passed, giving freedom and civil rights to Americans August 26, 1789 – The National Assembly (similar to House of Commons) passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, guaranteeing all French citizens their basic freedoms 1865 – The 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery 1945 – A new international organization was formed: the United Nations December 10, 1948 – the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations; it was a formal agreement on specific rights and freedoms for ALL human beings Universal Declaration of Human RightsWWII was the most destructive war in history. Millions were killed and most were defenceless civilians. In 1945, world leaders formed a new international organization: the United Nations. Its purpose is “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations on December 10th, 1948. It was the first time nations from around the world signed a formal agreement on specific rights and freedoms for all human beings. Which countries do you know of that do not live up to the human rights listed in the document? -Which, if any rights do you feel are most important? Section 2.3 Human Rights in Canada after WWII Canadian Bill of Rights- signed on August 10, 1960, passed by Parliament- reminded Canadians of the rights and freedoms they should be guaranteed by the state- but this document was not entrenched in the constitution. -The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (CCRF), 1982Pierre Elliot Trudeau was the PM at this time and the CCRF guarantees our rights and freedoms at every level of government. If we feel these rights are being infringed, there are remedies available to us. August 10, 1960- Canadian Bill of Rights (PM Diefenbaker)Not a revolutionary piece of legislation- not entrenched in the constitution April 17, 1982- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was entrenched into in the constitution- pioneered by (PM Trudeau)