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ΝΑΜΕ· ____________________________
Greek 1.210– FINAL EXAM Croy Lessons 1-32
LTSG – Fall 2007 - mgvh
PART 1 – NO STUDY AIDS
- PART 2 – Use any printed/written study aids
PART 3 – Take home: use any non-human resource (do not consult exams from previous years)
Part 1:
/ (118 pts x .5 =) / 59 pts Part 2:
Part 3: / 94 pts
/ 43 pts
>>> TOTAL:
/ 196 points =
%
PART 1: Grammar Review (30 points)
1. The INDICATIVE mood is a form of the verb used to express/describe ____REALITY__.
2. The SUBJUNCTIVE mood is a form of the verb used to express/describe _UNCERTAINTY/PROB.
3. The IMPERATIVE mood is a form of the verb used to express ____COMMANDS___________.
4. In the Indicative mood, the tense does indicate time. In the other moods,
 PRESENT tense indicates _ongoing, linear__ action. Translate: ποιεῖν >> to be doing/making
 AORIST tense ___simple_________ action. Translate: ποιῆσαι >> to do/make
 PERFECT tense ___completed_____ action. Translate: πεποιηκέναι >> to have done/made
5. TENSE CODES: What aspects are indicated by the following “codes” used with Indicative verbs?
 σ = ______FUTURE______________ tense
 θησ = ____ FUTURE ________________ tense, ____ PASSIVE _________ voice
 σα / α = ____ AORIST ________________ tense
 θη = _______ AORIST _____________ tense, _____ PASSIVE ________ voice
 κα / α = ________ PERFECT____________ tense
 κει / ει = _________ PLUPERFECT ___________ tense
 ἐ augment = ____ IMPERFECT__ or ____AORIST _____ or ____ PLUPERFECT ____ tense and ____
INDICATIVE__________ mood
 Reduplication with ε = ______ PERFECT _______ or _____ PLUPERFECT ________ tense
 Changed stem = NOT ____ PRESENT______ or ______ IMPERFECT ___________ tense
 With μι verbs, a ι (iota) reduplication indicates __PRESENT_______ or __IMPERFECT__ tense
6. PARTICIPLES: (Fill in using: Substantive, Adjective, Periphrastic, Genitive Absolute, Circumstantial)
 The participle is in the predicate position and in the nominative case and agrees in number with the main
verb which is a form of εἰμί. Function is ____ PERIPHRASTIC (SUPPLEMENTARY)____
Translate: ὁ δούλος ἐστιν πιστεύων >> The slave is believing
 The participle is in the predicate position and it is in the genitive case along with its subject which is not
the subject or direct object of the sentence or the object of a preposition
Function is ______ GENITIVE ABSOLUTE ______
Translate: πιστεύοντος τοῦ δούλου, τὰ καλά γίνονται. >> UTC the slave is believing, good things
happen.
 The participle is in the predicate position and agrees in gender, number, and case with another noun.
Function is CIRCUMSTANTIAL
Complete the translation in two different ways: πιστεύων ὁ δούλος ἀγαπᾷ τὸν θέον. >>
a) >> Since/When/ he is
believing, the slave loves God.
b) >> Although/If
believing, the slave loves God.
 The participle is in the attributive position and agrees in gender, number, and case with another noun.
Function is ___ ADJECTIVE______________
Translate: ὁ πιστεύων δούλος >> The believing slave
 There is a definite article in front of the participle, and it is not agreeing with anything else in the
sentence. You likely should translate the participle as a ______ SUBSTANTIVE____________
Translate: ὁ πιστεύων >> The one who is believing
 What is the relationship of a PRESENT participle to the action of the main verb? CONCURRENT
ὁ πιστεύων δούλος ἐστιν μαθητής. >> The slave who _____is believing ___ is a disciple.
ὁ πιστεύων δούλος ἦσαν μαθητής. >> The slave who _____was believing___ was a disciple.

What is the relationship of an AORIST or PERFECT participle to the action of the main verb?
___PRIOR___________ Complete the translation: ὁ πιστεύσας δούλος ἦσαν μαθητής.
>> The slave who ____believed ________ was a disciple.
7. SUBJUNCTIVE
 A key characteristic of the formation of verbs in the subjunctive is __long theme: ω / η ______
 A verb in the 1st person plural subjunctive is often treated as a _HORTATORY SUBJN________
Translate: πιστεύσωμεν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ. Let us believe in the gospel.
 Illustrate the difference between questions using indicative or subjunctive verbs by translating:
πιστεύσομεν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ; >> Shall we believe in the gospel?
πιστεύσωμεν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ; >> Should we believe in the gospel?
 An aorist subjunctive verb with οὐ μή indicates EMPHATIC DENIAL / S.F.D.
Translate: οὐ μή πιστεύσωμεν. >> We will never believe!
8. INFINITIVES
 In infinitive clauses, the subject and the direct object are both in the __ACCUSATIVE__ case.
 Circle the words in that case in this sentence: χαίρω διὰ τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς.
What, then, are two possible ways to translate the sentence?
o Ι rejoice because I am holding you in (my) heart.
o I rejoice because you are holding me in (your) heart.
9. COMMANDS and PROHIBITIONS
 Identify the tense and illustrate the differences in meaning by translating the following:
o προσεύχου – Tense: PRES
Translation: Keep on praying
o πρόσευξαι – Tense: AOR
Translation: Pray
o μὴ φοβεῖσθε – Tense: PRES
Translation: Stop fearing
o Μὴ φοβηθῆτε – Tense: AOR (PASS SUBJN) Translation: Do not fear
10. SYNTAX and CASES
 QUESTIONS: Translate the following illustrating their syntactical difference:
o οὐκ ἤκουσαν; >> They heard, didn’t they?
o μὴ ἤκουσαν; >> They didn’t hear, did they?
 CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS: Note carefully the tenses and constructions and translate the
following sentences.
a) εἰ πιστεύομεν, σωθησόμεθα. >> If/Since/Because (implied real) we are believing, we shall be saved.
b) ἐὰν πιστεύωμεν, σωθησόμεθα. >> If (hypothetically) we are believing, we shall be saved.
c) ἐὰν πιστεύωμεν, σωζόμεθα. >> If (hypothetically) we are believing, we are (being) saved.
d) εἰ ἐπιστεύομεν, ἄν ἐσῳζόμεθα. >> If we were believing, we would be saved.
e) εἰ ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἄν ἐσώθημεν. >> If we had believed, we would have been saved.
 CASES: Provide paraphrases of πίστις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ to indicate the ways the GENITIVE can be
understood.
a. SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE: __faith (shown) by Jesus______________
b. OBJECTIVE GENITIVE: __faith for/ in Jesus___
c. GENITIVE OF SOURCE: _faith from Jesus____________________________