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1 Chapter 12 Reading Guide World War II 1939 – 1945 1. How do historians view World War II? 2. Explain the meaning/intent of the politics of appeasement. 3. Define: Lebensraum Explain what Hitler wanted. 4. How did Hitler achieve “anschluss” with Austria? 5. a. Why were the Western powers of United States, Britain and France silent as Hitler rearmed and openly prepared for war? b. What was press (fourth estate) response? c. public opinion? 6. a. Spanish Civil War: 1936-39 – How was this seen as “Last Great Cause”? b. What was significance of the Spanish Civil War? 7. Explain the Munich Agreement. 8. What happened on Kristallnacht in Germany? 9. Explain the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Reasons Hitler: Stalin: 10. List the new tactics of warfare. 11. Define Blitzkrieg 12. What happened during the Phony War? 2 13. List the countries that were invaded by Germany. Who was Quisling? 14. New British Prime Minister 15. Fall of France Reasons for Nazi victory: (9) 16. Miracle of Dunkirk – Explain what happened. 17. Battle of Britain – Operation Sea Lion Operation Eagle Results of the Battle of Britain: (4) 18. Tripartite Pact: 19. Invasion of Greece by Italy – results? 20. Operation Barbarossa – Reasons: (5) 21. Why did the Blitzkrieg fail against the Soviets? 22. War in the Pacific Emperor Hirohito General Tojo 3 Give details of the following Japanese invasions: 1931 – Manchuria: 1937 – Nanking: 23. Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941 Details: Effects of attack: 24. Why was the defeat of Nazi Germany seen as America’s most pressing task? 25. Explain the strategic disputes between the British and Americans. 26. Why did Stalin demand a second front? 27. Explain the reason for the Soviet’s new vigor in fighting in 1942. 28. Dieppe Raid What questions are still debated? 29. In the fall of 1942 – counterattacks by Allies on three fronts: 30. Casablanca Conference -> declaration: 31. Operation Husky: (Invasion of Sicily) 32. Explain Strategic Bombing Tactic: 4 33. Teheran Conference – details 34. Operation Overlord: The Normandy Invasion 35. Hitler’s last stand, assassination attempt, Jugend, V1 and V2 rockets 36. Yalta Conference: List major developments 37. VE Day – May 8, 1945 38. Holocaust – three phases Debate over the timing of the Final Solution Dawidowicz: Browning: Mayer: 39. Death Toll = 40 million people 40. Potsdam Conference: 41. Nuremberg Trials 42. Iron Curtin: 43. Did the war bring any long-lasting change in women’s employment? 44. Nuclear Age – Hiroshima and Nagasaki